Abstract
According to global survey reports, license plate recognition (LPR) provides rich information in approximating the traffic conditions of urban arterials is an emerging data source. Several researchers studied and investigated about segmenting, extracting and classifying the license plate and their approaches do not provide accurate extraction in the different weather condition (night, day, rainy, cloudy etc.). In this research work, a novel feature extraction technique called as Kernel Search Multiwavelet Decomposition (KsMWD) is proposed for license plate detection. By computing the dissimilarity search patterns, the binary and original value of the pixels are multiplied and converted with reference to the referenced pixel and its surrounding neighbours. The proposed segmentation produces an accuracy of 98.97% which is higher than any other existing algorithm. Depending upon the directions, the first-order derivatives are calculated for the projected information from the actual wave crested values. The efficiency of developed classification algorithm is found as 98.37% by effective combination with the horizontal edge density extraction. Finally, the proposed Inception Resnet V2 classification gives better accuracy than other segmentation method. Simulation results are included and performance analyses are tabulated for different weather conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abolghasemi V, Ahmadyfard A (2009) An edge-based color-aided method for license plate detection. Image Vis Comput 27(8):1134–1142
Abulgasem NA, Mohamad D, Hashim SZM Automatic license plate detection and recognition using radial basis function neural network. Indian J Comput Vis Appl 1(1):15–23
Al-Shemarry MS, Li Y, Abdulla S (2018) Ensemble of adaboost cascades of 3L-LBPs classifiers for license plates detection with low quality images. Expert Syst Appl 92:216–235
Akoum AH, Daya B, Chauvet P (2010) Automatic system recognition of Lebanese license plates. In: 2010 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Bio-Inspired Computing: Theories and Applications (BIC-TA), pp 1399–1405. https://doi.org/10.1109/BICTA.2010.5645286
Ascar Davix X, Seldev Christopher C (2017) Edge Based Marker Controlled Watershed Algorithm for Automatic Car Licence Plate Localization. J Computation Theoretic Nanosci 14(11):5539–5551
Ascar Davix X, Seldev Christopher C, Shino Christine S (2017) License plate detection using channel scale space and color based detection method. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Circuits and Systems (ICCS), Thiruvananthapuram, India, pp 82–86. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCS1.2017.8325967
Ascar Davix X, Titus AN, Ashwina A, (2019) Vehicle license plate localization based on local binary pattern features. In: 2019 International Conference on Recent Advances in Energy-efficient Computing and Communication (ICRAECC), Nagercoil, India, pp 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAECC43874.2019.8994964
Ascar Davix X, Seldev Christopher C, Judson D (2020) Detection of the vehicle license plate using a kernel density with default search radius algorithm filter. Optik 218(19):164689
Ascar Davix X, Praynlin E, Judson D (2021) Vgg-16 CNN approach for vehicle license plate localization. Adv Appl Math Sci 20(10):2479–2486
Atikuzzaman, Md, Asaduzzaman Md, Islam Md Z (2019) "Vehicle number plate detection and categorization using cnns." In 2019 International Conference on Sustainable Technologies for Industry 4.0 (STI), pp. 1–5. IEEE
Bachchan, AK, Gorai A, Gupta P, (2017) ‘Automatic License Plate Recognition Using Local Binary Pattern and Histogram Matching, Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Computing, pp. 22–34
Choubey S, Sinha GR (2013) License plate localization using novel recursive algorithm and pixel count method. i-Manager's Journal on Embedded Systems; Nagercoil 2(2):6–16
Choubey S, Sinha GR, Choubey A (2011) Bilateral partitioning based character recognition for vehicle license plate. Technol Mob Commun Commun Comput Inf Sci 147:422–426
Gao W, Zhang X, Yang L, Liu H (2010) An improved Sobel edge detection. In: 2010 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, vol 5, pp 67–71. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSIT.2010.5563693
Gnanaprakash V, Kanthimathi N, Saranya N (2021) Automatic number plate recognition using deep learning. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 1084:012027.https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1084/1/012027
Guo Z, Zhang L, Zhang D (2010) A completed modeling of local binary pattern operator for texture classification. IEEE Trans Image Process 19(6):1657–1663
Hontani H, Koga T (2001) Character extraction method without prior knowledge on size and position information. In: IVEC 2001. Proceedings of the IEEE International Vehicle Electronics Conference 2001. IVEC 2001 (Cat. No.01EX522), Tottori, Japan, pp 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2001.961728
Jamtsho Y, Riyamongkol P, Waranusast R (2020) Real-time Bhutanese license plate localization using YOLO. ICT Express 6(2):121–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2019.11.001
Jia W, Zhang H, He X (2007) Region-based license plate detection. J Netw Comput Appl 30(4):1324–1333
Khan NY, Imran AS, Ali N, (2007) Distance and color invariant automatic license plate recognition system, Proceedings of International Conference on Emerging Technologies, pp. 232–237
Kim KK, Kim KI, Kim JB, Kim HJ (2000) Learning-based approach for license plate recognition. Proceed IEEE Signal Process Soc Workshop Neural Netw Signal Process 2:614–623
Kyaw NN, Sinha G R, Mon KL, (2018) ‘License plate recognition of Myanmar vehicle number plates a critical review’, Proceedings of IEEE Global Conference on Consumer Electronics
Lategahn H, Gross S, Stehle T, Aach T (2010) Texture classification by modeling joint distributions of local patterns with Gaussian mixtures. IEEE Trans Image Process 19(6):1548–1557
Li Q, He C (2018) A new algorithm of vehicle license plate location based on convolutional neural network. J Comput Methods Sci Eng 18(4):1021–1033
Liao S, Law MWK, Chung ACS (2009) Dominant local binary patterns for texture classification. IEEE Trans Image Process 18(5):1107–1118
Liu L, Zhang H, Feng A, Wan X, Guo J (2010) Simplified local binary pattern descriptor for character recognition of vehicle license plate. In: Proceedings of International Conference on In Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, pp 157–161. https://doi.org/10.1109/CGIV.2010.32
Mousa A (2012) ‘Canny edge-detection based vehicle plate recognition’, international journal of signal processing. Image Process Pattern Recognit 5(3):1–8
Naito T, Tsukada T, Yamada K, Yamamoto S (2000) Moving vehicle license plate recognition method robust to changes in lighting conditions. Syst Comput Jpn 31(11):82–91
Ojala T, Pietikainen M, Maenpaa T (2002) Multiresolution gray-scale and rotation invariant texture classification with local binary patterns. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 24(7):971–987
Pietikäinen M, Ojala T, Xu Z (2000) Rotation-invariant texture classification using feature distributions. Pattern Recogn 33(1):43–52
Rafique MA, Pedrycz W, Jeon M (2018) Vehicle license plate detection using region-based convolutional neural networks. Soft Comput 22:6429–6440.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-017-2696-2
Rahmat B, Joelianto E, Purnama IKE, Purnomo MH (2018) An improved mean shift using adaptive fuzzy Gaussian kernel for Indonesia vehicle license plate tracking. Int J Comput Sci 45(3):458–471
Raza MA, Qi C, Asif MR, Khan MA (2020) An adaptive approach for multi-national vehicle license plate recognition using multi-level deep features and foreground polarity detection model. Appl Sci 10(6):2165
Roy S, Choudhury A, Mukherjee J (2013) An approach towards detection of Indian number plate from vehicle. Int J Innov Technol Exploring Eng 2(4):241–244
Salgado, L, Menendez JM, Rendon E, Garcia N, (1999) ‘Automatic car plate detection and recognition through intelligent vision engineering’, international conference on security technology, pp. 71-76
Sarfraz, M, Ahmed MJ, Ghazi SA (2003) Saudi Arabian license plate recognition system. In: 2003 International Conference on Geometric Modeling and Graphics, 2003. Proceedings, London, UK, pp 36-41. https://doi.org/10.1109/GMAG.2003.1219663
Siddhartha C, Sinha GR (2011) Pixel distribution density based character recognition for vehicle license plate. In: 2011 3rd International Conference on Electronics Computer Technology, IEEE, Kanyakumari, India. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECTECH.2011.5941950
Siddhartha C, Sinha GR, Charan PB, Abha C, Kavita T (2011) Avoidance of confusion between similar looking characters in neuro-fuzzy based license plate recognition. Inte J Mach Learn Comput 1(4):394–399. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJMLC.2011.V1.58
Siddique NA, Iqbal A, Mahmud F, Rahman MdS, (2012) ‘Development of an automatic vehicle license plate detection and recognition system for Bangladesh’ , Proceedings of International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision, pp. 688–693
Tan X, Triggs B (2010) Enhanced local texture feature sets for face recognition under difficult lighting conditions’. IEEE Trans Image Process 19(6):1635–1650
Wang, C-M, Liu J-H, (2015) ‘License plate recognition system’ , Proceedings of International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, pp. 1708-1710
Yousif BB, Ata MM, Fawzy N, Obaya M (2020) Toward an optimized neutrosophic K-means with genetic algorithm for automatic vehicle license plate recognition (ONKM-AVLPR). IEEE Access 8:49285–49312
Yuan Y, Zou W, Zhao Y, Wang X’a, Hu X, Komodakis N (2017) A robust and efficient approach to license plate detection. IEEE Trans Image Process 26(3):1102–1114
Zhang B, Gao Y, Zhao S, Liu J (2010) Local derivative pattern versus local binary pattern: face recognition with high-order local pattern descriptor. IEEE Trans Image Process 19(2):533–544
Zhang X, Shen P, Bai J, Lei J, Hu Y, Xiao Y, Li B, Qi D (2010) License plate-location using AdaBoost Algorithm. In: The 2010 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation, Harbin, China, pp 2456–2461. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICINFA.2010.5512276
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
X, A.D., D, J. & G R, S. License plate localization using kernel search multiwavelet decomposition. Multimed Tools Appl 82, 28957–28976 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-14570-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-14570-3