Skip to main content
Log in

Cinematic volume rendering algorithm based on multiple lights photon mapping

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cinematic volume rendering, which can obtain highly realistic rendering results, is considered to be the next-generation volume rendering technology. Cinematic volume rendering generally uses ray tracing algorithms to build a global illumination model for rendering. In the rendering process, the convergence speed of ray tracing is slow, and the physically-based global illumination model is computationally expensive. Moreover, when the rendered sampling interval is not very large, there are problems such as random noise in the rendered image. This paper proposes a Cinematic volume rendering algorithm based on photon mapping. Using the illumination model defined by the algorithm, the rendering quality can be guaranteed, and there is no random noise. The algorithm can support multi-light illumination while under the influence of multiple lights. It can effectively enhance the depth and shape of the region of interest perception. We have implemented a fast photon mapping system for medical imaging. We test the algorithm under GPU, the multi-light rendering results are realistic, and the interaction reaches the level of interactive frames.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Visible Human Project data in the manuscript can be found at:(https://medicine.uiowa.edu/mri/facility-resources/images/visible-human-project-ct-datasets). All other data are available from the authors upon reasonable request.

References

  1. Avro J, Kirk D (1990) Particle transport and image synthesis computer graphics. In: SIGGRAPH’90: Proceedings of 17th conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques, pp 63–66. https://doi.org/10.1145/97879.97886

  2. Christensen P (2008) Point-based approximate color bleeding. Pixar Tech Notes 2(5):6

    Google Scholar 

  3. Comaniciu D, Engel K, Georgescu B, Mansi T (2016) Shaping the future through innovations: from medical imaging to precision medicine. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2016.06.016

  4. Dappa E, Higashigaito K, Fornaro J, Leschka S, Wildermuth S, Alkadhi H (2016) Cinematic rendering–an alternative to volume rendering for 3d computed tomography imaging. Insights Imaging 7(6):849–856. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-016-0518-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Drebin RA, Carpenter L, Hanrahan P (1988) Volume rendering. ACM Siggraph Comput Graph 22(4):65–74. https://doi.org/10.1145/378456.378484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Hachisuka T, Ogaki S, Jensen HW (2008) Progressive photon mapping. In: ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers, pp 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1145/1457515.1409083

  7. Iglesias-Guitian JA, Mane PS, Moon B (2020) Real-time denoising of volumetric path tracing for direct volume rendering. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph:2734–2747. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2020.3037680

  8. Jensen HW (1995) Importance driven path tracing using the photon map. In: Eurographics workshop on rendering techniques. Springer, pp 326–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9430-0_31

  9. Khalil A, Faisal A, Ng S-C, Liew YM, Lai KW (2017) Mitral valve rigid registration using 2d echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography. In: 2017 International conference on applied system innovation (ICASI). IEEE, pp 629–632. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASI.2017.7988504

  10. Kroes T, Post FH, Botha CP (2012) Exposure render: an interactive photo-realistic volume rendering framework. PloS one 7(7):38586. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038586

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kwon K, Lee B-J, Shin B-S (2020) Reliable subsurface scattering for volume rendering in three-dimensional ultrasound imaging. Comput Biol Med 117:103608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103608

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lafortune EP, Willems YD (1993) Bi-directional path tracing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68057-4_21

  13. Mukunoki D, Takahashi D (2013) Using quadruple precision arithmetic to accelerate krylov subspace methods on gpus. In: International conference on parallel processing and applied mathematics. Springer, pp 632–642. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55224-3_59

  14. Salama CR (2007) Gpu-based monte-carlo volume raycasting. In: 15th Pacific conference on computer graphics and applications (PG’07). IEEE, pp 411–414. https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2007.27

  15. Veach E, Guibas L (1995) Bidirectional estimators for light transport. In: Photorealistic Rendering Techniques. Springer, pp 145–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87825-1_11

  16. Zhang Y, Ma K-L (2013) Lighting design for globally illuminated volume rendering. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 19(12):2946–2955. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2013.172

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to JinZhu Yang.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yuan, Y., Yang, J., Sun, Q. et al. Cinematic volume rendering algorithm based on multiple lights photon mapping. Multimed Tools Appl 83, 5799–5812 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15075-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15075-9

Keywords

Navigation