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CFA image compression using an efficient cascaded overlapping color transformation

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Abstract

Bayer Color-Filter-Array (CFA) is commonly used in single-chip digital image sensors as it efficiently approximates the physiology of the human eye. These sensors capture only one color component per pixel, not an entire RGB image. Conventionally, a Bayer CFA image is converted to an RGB image, and then compressed for processing and storage. However, storing a Bayer CFA image before converting to RGB can preserve more details, which is preferable for post-processing tasks. Due to the arrangement of color channels in a CFA image, compression algorithms cannot efficiently reduce the size of the raw CFA image. In this paper, a Cascade Overlapping Color Transformation (COCT) method is proposed and implemented. In the first step, the Haar Wavelet Transform (HWT) is performed on the image to reduce the spectral redundancy. The second step of the color transformation reduces the redundancy of color components even higher, resulting in a color map that can be compressed better using an image coding system. Experiments performed on several datasets showed that the COCT improves the compression ratio compared to the state-of-the-art techniques. The proposed method improved the compression ratio by 17.6% and 15.6% for 16 bpp and 8 bpp CFA images, respectively. Computational load has also been improved by the proposed method. In addition, the hardware implementation is discussed using a CMOS 65 nm technology that costs 3.18 K gates and 2.05 mW of power.

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Data availability

Several datasets are used for the aim of this project and all the data are publicly available.

Code availability

All codes are available in GitHub at: https://github.com/fsedighi/CFAImageCompression/tree/master.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge Shiva Moghtaderi for her contribution and the simulations performed as a supplementary part of the study.

Funding

We would like to thank Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for supporting this work.

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Author notes

  1. Mohammad Reza Mohebbian, Fatemeh Sedighipour Chafjiri and Seyed Shahim Vedaei contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada

    Mohammad Reza Mohebbian, Fatemeh Sedighipour Chafjiri, Seyed Shahim Vedaei & Khan A. Wahid

Authors
  1. Mohammad Reza Mohebbian
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  2. Fatemeh Sedighipour Chafjiri
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  3. Seyed Shahim Vedaei
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  4. Khan A. Wahid
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Correspondence to Fatemeh Sedighipour Chafjiri.

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Mohebbian, M.R., Chafjiri, F.S., Vedaei, S.S. et al. CFA image compression using an efficient cascaded overlapping color transformation. Multimed Tools Appl 82, 43233–43250 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15352-7

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