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Chaotic map based multi-factor authentication protocol for underwater environment monitoring

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Abstract

The underwater environment holds significant potential for advancing ecosystem understanding, industrial operations, and early natural disaster prediction. To monitor this environment effectively, technologies like Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are being extensively developed and deployed. However, due to the unreliable nature of the underwater environment, communications carried out using UWSNs are vulnerable to various security threats. For secure communication in UWSNs, it is essential that the communicating entities are mutually authenticated. Recently, Sureshkumar et al. discussed an authentication protocol using chaotic map operations. However, we have discovered that the protocol is not secure against privileged insider, user impersonation, and denial of service attacks. Additionally, the protocol lacks perfect forward secrecy. To address these issues, we propose a multi-factor authentication protocol based on the chaotic map for monitoring the underwater environment. The extensive formal security analysis employs the Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic and Real-Or-Random (ROR) model to prove the robustness of our proposed protocol. Furthermore, a state-of-the-art informal security analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of our protocol against various threats. We also validate the security of our proposed protocol through simulations using the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tool. In terms of performance evaluation, our protocol outperforms existing ones ensuring proficient operation in the underwater environment.

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Acknowledgements

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology(ISM) Dhanbad, Police Line Road, Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India

    Diksha Rangwani & Hari Om

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  1. Diksha Rangwani
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Contributions

All authors contributed towards the study of the topic. The work was carried out under the supervision of Dr. Hari Om. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Miss Diksha Rangwani and all the authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Diksha Rangwani.

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Rangwani, D., Om, H. Chaotic map based multi-factor authentication protocol for underwater environment monitoring. Multimed Tools Appl 83, 26871–26900 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-16608-y

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