Skip to main content
Log in

Person re-identification on lightweight devices: end-to-end approach

  • 1232: Human-centric Multimedia Analysis
  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this work, an efficient and real-time person re-identification system based on an affordable hybrid framework was presented. The proposed pipeline consisting of human detecting, tracking and extracting features was developed based on lightweight deep neural models so that they could be computationally accelerated on limited hardware resources devices. A comprehensive and substantial dataset has been established aiming to facilitate the training and evaluation of a surveillance system implemented to monitor individuals in an indoor environment. The proposed processing pipeline was implemented on both low-cost devices as Nvidia Jetson Nano and Google Coral. The experimental results indicated that the system could achieve real-time performance with up to 29 FPS and 0.96 mAP for the person detection algorithm task via edge devices, whereas a comparable accuracy was reached on the proposed feature extraction model with 0.85 mAP.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Accessing our dataset is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

References

  1. Elharrouss O, Almaadeed N, Al-Maadeed S (2021) A review of video surveillance systems. J Vis Commun Image Represent 77:103116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Gaikwad B, Karmakar A (2022) End-to-end person re-identification: Real-time video surveillance over edge-cloud environment. Comput Electr Eng 99:107824

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Neff C, Mendieta M, Mohan S, Baharani M, Rogers S, Tabkhi H (2019) Revamp 2 t: real-time edge video analytics for multicamera privacy-aware pedestrian tracking. IEEE Internet of Things J 7(4):2591–2602

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Nvidia (2023) Jetson Accelerating Next-Gen Edge AI and Robotics. https://www.nvidia.com/en-in/autonomous-machines/embedded-systems/. Accessed: 18-April-2023

  5. Google (2023) Coral USB Accelerator. https://coral.ai/products/accelerator/. Accessed: 18-April-2023

  6. Baharani M, Mohan S, Tabkhi H (2019) Real-time person re-identification at the edge: A mixed precision approach. In: Image analysis and recognition: 16th international conference, ICIAR 2019, Waterloo, ON, Canada, August 27–29, 2019, Proceedings, Part II 16, pp. 27–39. Springer

  7. Chen Y, Yang T, Li C, Zhang Y (2020) A binarized segmented resnet based on edge computing for re-identification. Sensors 20(23):6902

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chen X, Li Z, Xiao S, Chen Y (2018) Deep square similarity learning for person re-identification in the edge computing system. In: 2018 IEEE international conference on internet of things (iThings) and IEEE green computing and communications (GreenCom) and IEEE cyber, physical and social computing (CPSCom) and IEEE smart data (SmartData), pp 561–567. https://doi.org/10.1109/Cybermatics_2018.2018.00117

  9. Ren S, He K, Girshick R, Sun J (2015) Faster r-cnn: Towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 28

  10. Girshick R (2015) Fast r-cnn. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV)

  11. Ren S, He K, Girshick R, Sun J (2015) Faster r-cnn: Towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 28

  12. Redmon J, Divvala S, Girshick R, Farhadi A (2016) You only look once: Unified, real-time object detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

  13. Lin T-Y, Goyal P, Girshick R, He K, Dollár P (2017) Focal loss for dense object detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision, pp 2980–2988

  14. Zhou X, Wang D, Krähenbühl P (2019) Objects as points. arXiv:1904.07850

  15. Carion N, Massa F, Synnaeve G, Usunier N, Kirillov A, Zagoruyko S (2020) End-to-end object detection with transformers. In: Vedaldi A, Bischof H, Brox T, Frahm J-M (eds) Computer Vision - ECCV 2020. Springer, Cham, pp 213–229

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Reid D (1979) An algorithm for tracking multiple targets. IEEE Trans Autom Control 24(6):843–854

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Bewley A, Ge Z, Ott L, Ramos F, Upcroft B (2016) Simple online and realtime tracking. In: 2016 IEEE international conference on image processing (ICIP), pp 3464–3468. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2016.7533003

  18. Wojke N, Bewley A, Paulus D (2017) Simple online and realtime tracking with a deep association metric. In: 2017 IEEE international conference on image processing (ICIP), pp 3645–3649. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2017.8296962

  19. Mekkayil L, Ramasangu H (2018) Object tracking with correlation filters using selective single background patch. arXiv:1805.03453

  20. Bolme DS, Beveridge JR, Draper BA, Lui YM (2010) Visual object tracking using adaptive correlation filters. In: 2010 IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2544–2550. IEEE

  21. Vergés-Llahí J, Ar J, Sanfeliu A (2001) Object tracking system using colour histograms

  22. Zivkovic Z, Krose B (2004) An em-like algorithm for color-histogram-based object tracking. In: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, 2004. CVPR 2004., vol 1. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2004.1315113

  23. Li X, Yin H, Zhou K, Zhou X (2020) Semi-supervised clustering with deep metric learning and graph embedding. World Wide Web 23:781–798

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Deng B, Jia S, Shi D (2019) Deep metric learning-based feature embedding for hyperspectral image classification. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sensing 58(2):1422–1435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Cao R, Zhang Q, Zhu J, Li Q, Li Q, Liu B, Qiu G (2020) Enhancing remote sensing image retrieval using a triplet deep metric learning network. Int J Remote Sens 41(2):740–751

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Nvidia (2023) TensorRT. https://developer.nvidia.com/tensorrt. Accessed: 18-April-2023

  27. Abadi M, Agarwal A, Barham P, et al (2015) TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Systems. Software available from tensorflow.org. https://www.tensorflow.org/

  28. Ultralytics (2023) YOLOv8. https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics. Accessed: 18-April-2023

  29. Sandler M, Howard A, Zhu M, Zhmoginov A, Chen L-C (2018) Mobilenetv2: Inverted residuals and linear bottlenecks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 4510–4520

  30. Hermans A, Beyer L, Leibe B (2017) In defense of the triplet loss for person re-identification. arXiv:1703.07737

  31. Wang L, Shi J, Song G, Shen I-f (2007) Object detection combining recognition and segmentation. In: Yagi Y, Kang SB, Kweon IS, Zha H (eds) Computer vision – ACCV 2007, pp 189–199. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  32. Li W, Zhao R, Xiao T, Wang X (2014) Deepreid: Deep filter pairing neural network for person re-identification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 152–159

  33. Herzog F, Ji X, Teepe T, Hörmann S, Gilg J, Rigoll G (2021) Lightweight multi-branch network for person re-identification. In: 2021 IEEE international conference on image processing (ICIP), pp 1129–1133. IEEE

  34. Li D, Chen S, Zhong Y, Liang F, Ma L (2022) Dip: Learning discriminative implicit parts for person re-identification. arXiv:2212.13906

  35. Dosovitskiy A, Beyer L, Kolesnikov A, Weissenborn D, Zhai X, Unterthiner T, Dehghani M, Minderer M, Heigold G, Gelly S, et al (2020) An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale. arXiv:2010.11929

  36. Zhang S, Yin Z, Wu X, Wang K, Zhou Q, Kang B (2021) Fpb: feature pyramid branch for person re-identification. arXiv:2108.01901

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research is funded by Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST) under project number T2022-PC-052.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tuan Linh Dang.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest with regard to this work.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Dang, T.L., Pham, T.H., Le, D.L. et al. Person re-identification on lightweight devices: end-to-end approach. Multimed Tools Appl 83, 73569–73582 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-19111-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-19111-0

Keywords