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\(\varvec{\varDelta }\)–\(\varvec{\varSigma }\) noise-shaping in 3-D space–time for 2-D wideband antenna array receivers

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Abstract

A novel delta–sigma (\(\varDelta \)–\(\varSigma \)) modulation method is proposed for extending noise-shaping to three dimensions: 2-D space and time. We show that a spatially-oversampled \(N_{x}\times N_{y}\) antenna array coupled to a noise-shaped low-noise amplifier and analog-to-digital converter can diminish in-band additive noise and distortion by shaping the multi-dimensional spectrum towards higher spatial frequencies that are outside the space–time regions of support of all possible propagating electromagnetic waves. Detailed circuit simulations in a 65 nm CMOS process with wideband RF inputs at a center frequency of 4 GHz confirm that the proposed 3-D noise-shaping approach provides significant improvements in noise figure and resolution for 2-D array receivers.

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Acknowledgements

This project is sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Grants ECCS-1730946 and ECCS-1731722.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA

    Yingying Wang, Jifu Liang & Soumyajit Mandal

  2. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada

    Leonid Belostotski

  3. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA

    Arjuna Madanayake

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  1. Yingying Wang
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  2. Jifu Liang
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  3. Leonid Belostotski
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  4. Arjuna Madanayake
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  5. Soumyajit Mandal
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Correspondence to Yingying Wang.

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This project is sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Grants ECCS-1730946 and ECCS-1731722.

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Wang, Y., Liang, J., Belostotski, L. et al. \(\varvec{\varDelta }\)–\(\varvec{\varSigma }\) noise-shaping in 3-D space–time for 2-D wideband antenna array receivers. Multidim Syst Sign Process 30, 1609–1631 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-018-0620-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-018-0620-2

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