Abstract
In this paper, we design a low-cost feasible projection algorithm for variational inequalities by replacing the projection onto the feasible set with the projection onto a ball. In each iteration, it only needs to calculate the value of the mapping once, and the projection onto the ball contained in the feasible set (which has an explicit expression), so the algorithm is easier to implement and feasible. The convergence of the algorithm is proved when the Slater condition holds for the feasible set and the mapping is pseudomonotone, Lipschitz continuous. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.





Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The authors confirm that all data generated or analyzed in the development of this work are adequately included or referenced in the article itself.
References
Auslender, A., Shefi, R., Teboulle, M.: A moving balls approximation method for a class of smooth constrained minimization problems. SIAM Journal on Optimization. 20(6), 3232–3259 (2010)
Barbu, V., Röckner, M.: Stochastic variational inequalities and applications to the total variation flow perturbed by linear multiplicative noise. Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 209(3), 797–834 (2013)
Bauschke, H. H., Combettes, P. L.: Convex analysis and monotone operator theory in Hilbert spaces (Vol. 408). New York: Springer, (2011)
Bot, R.I., Csetnek, E.R., Vuong, P.T.: The Forward-Backward-Forward method from discrete and continuous perspective for pseudo-monotone variational inequalities in hilbert spaces. European Journal of Operational Research. 287(1), 49–56 (2020)
Cegielski, A.: Iterative Methods for Fixed Point Problems in Hilbert Spaces. Springer, New York (2012)
Censor, Y., Gibali, A., Reich, S.: Strong convergence of subgradient extragradient methods for the variational inequality problem in Hilbert space. Optimization Methods and Software. 26(4–5), 827–845 (2011)
Censor, Y., Gibali, A., Reich, S.: The subgradient extragradient method for solving variational inequalities in Hilbert space. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications. 148(2), 318–335 (2011)
Censor, Y., Gibali, A., Reich, S.: Extensions of Korpelevich’s extragradient method for the variational inequality problem in Euclidean space. Optimization. 61(9), 1119–1132 (2012)
Chen, J.X., Ye, M.L.: A new modified two-subgradient extragradient algorithm for solving variational inequality problems. Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications. 42(4), 402–412 (2022)
Dafermos, S., Nagurney, A.: A network formulation of market equilibrium problems and variational inequalities. Operations Research Letters. 3, 247–250 (1984)
Dautray, R., Lions, J. L.:Mathematical analysis and numerical methods for science and technology: volume 3 spectral theory and applications. Springer Science & Business Media. (2012)
Feng, L. M., Zhang, Y. L., He, Y. R.: A new feasible moving ball projection algorithm for pseudomonotone variational inequality. Accepted by Optimization Letters
Freund, R..M.., Grigas, P., Mazumder, R.: An extended Frank-Wolfe method with “in-face’’ directions, and its application to low-rank matrix completion. SIAM Journal on Optimization. 27, 319–346 (2017)
Gibali, A., Thong, D.V.: A new low-cost double projection method for solving variational inequalities. Optimization and Engineering 21(4), 1613–1634 (2020)
Goebel, K., Reich, S.: Uniform convexity, hyperbolic geometry, and non-expansive mappings. Marcel Dekker, New York and Basel (1984)
Goldstein, A.A.: Convex programming in Hilbert space. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 70(5), 709–710 (1964)
Harchaoui, Z., Juditsky, A., Nemirovski, A.: Conditional gradient algorithms for norm-regularized smooth convex optimization. Mathematical Programming 152, 75–112 (2015)
He, S.N., Xu, H.K.: Uniqueness of supporting hyperplanes and an alternative to solutions of variational inequalities. Journal of Global Optimization. 57(4), 1375–1384 (2013)
Heinemann, C., Sturm, K.: Shape optimization for a class of semilinear variational inequalities with applications to damage models. SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis 48(5), 3579–3617 (2016)
Hung, N. V., Tam, V. M.: Error bound analysis of the D-gap functions for a class of elliptic variational inequalities with applications to frictional contact mechanics. Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik, 72, Article number:173, (2021)
Iusem, A.N., Svaiter, B.F.: A variant of Korpelevichs method for variational inequalities with a new search strategy. Optimization 42(4), 309–321 (1997)
Khanh, P.D., Vuong, P.T.: Modified projection method for strongly pseudomonotone variational inequalities. Journal of Global Optimization 58(2), 341–350 (2014)
Kolobov, V. I., Reich, S., Zalas, R.: Finitely convergent iterative methods with overrelaxations revisited. Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications, 23, Article number: 57, (2021)
Korpelevich, G.M.: The extragradient method for finding saddle points and other problems. Matecon 12, 747–756 (1976)
Maingé, P.E.: A hybrid extragradient-viscosity method for monotone operators and fixed point problems. SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 47(3), 1499–1515 (2008)
Malitsky, Y.V.: Projected refected gradient methods for monotone variational inequalities. SIAM Journal on Optimization 25(1), 502–520 (2015)
Malitsky, Y.V., Semenov, V.V.: An extragradient algorithm for monotone variational inequalities. Cybernetics and Systems Analysis 50(2), 271–277 (2014)
Ortega, J. M., Rheinboldt, W. C.: Iterative solution of nonlinear equations in several variables. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (2000)
Popov, L.D.: A modification of the Arrow-Hurwicz method for search of saddle points. Mathematical notes of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR 28(5), 845–848 (1980)
Rockafellar, R.T., Sun, J.: Solving Lagrangian variational inequalities with applications to stochastic programming. Mathematical Programming 181(2), 435–451 (2020)
Vuong, P.T.: On the weak convergence of the extragradient method for solving pseudo-monotone variational inequalities. Journal of optimization theory and applications 176(2), 399–409 (2018)
Vuong, P.T., Shehu, Y.: Convergence of an extragradient-type method for variational inequality with applications to optimal control problems. Numerical Algorithms 81(1), 269–291 (2019)
Yao, Y., Iyiola, O.S., Shehu, Y.: Subgradient extragradient method with double inertial steps for variational inequalities. Journal of Scientific Computing 90, 1–29 (2022)
Acknowledgements
The author appreciates the valuable comments of anonymous referees which helped to improve the quality of this paper.
Funding
The first author was supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11901414). The third author was supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11871359).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Yongle Zhang and Limei Feng wrote the main manuscript text, Yiran He provided the source of the problem, and Limei Feng prepared all figures. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval
Not applicable
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Y., Feng, L. & He, Y. A new low-cost feasible projection algorithm for pseudomonotone variational inequalities. Numer Algor 94, 1031–1054 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11075-023-01622-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11075-023-01622-w