Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Dynamic light trail routing in WDM optical networks

  • Published:
Photonic Network Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Fiber optics have replaced copper as the primary transmission medium. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks effectively increase single-link bandwidth from 10 Mbps to over 160 Gbps, and have been considered as a promising candidate for the next-generation backbone network. All optical circuits each on a separate wavelength called lightpaths represent the first major method for optical communication. The granularity provided between a source and destination node is that of a complete wavelength. Once a lightpath is set up, the entire wavelength is used exclusively by the connection’s source and destination node-pair. No sub-wavelength sharing between nodes along the lightpath is allowed. However, it is often observed that the bandwidth requirement in today’s network is often dynamically varying and does not justify the need for allocating an entire wavelength. Therefore, the wavelength capacity may be underutilized. A new technology termed light trail was proposed to avoid the inability of intermediate nodes to use a connection wavelength, and the constant reconfiguration of switches. In this article, we study dynamic light trail routing in a WDM optical network. We present an efficient algorithm for establishing a light trail routing for a new connection request, while using minimum network resources. We also study survivable network routing using the proposed light trail technology. We present an efficient heuristic for computing a pair of working and protection light trails for a dynamic incoming connection request. Simulation results are presented which demonstrate the advantages of our routing schemes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ansari, Z., Tariq, S.: A heuristic approach for dynamically reducing the number of light trails in survivable optical networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE Broadnet’2006, San Jose, CA, pp. 1–8 (2006)

  2. Ayad A., Elsayed K., Ahmed S.: Enhanced optimal and heuristic solutions of the routing problem in light trail networks. Springer Photonic Netw. Commun. 15, 7–18 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Balasubramanian, S.: Light-trail networks: design and survivability. In: He, W., Somani, A. (eds.) IEEE LCN’2005, pp. 174–181

  4. Chlamtac I., Gumaste A.: Light-Trails: A Solution to IP Centric Communication in the Optical Domain. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg (2003) (Online publication, February 17, 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chlamtac I, Ganz A, Karmi G: Lightpath communications: a novel approach to high speed optical WANs. IEEE Trans. Commun. 40(7), 1152 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Cormen T.H., Leiserson C.E., Rivest R.L., Stein C.: Introduction to Algorithms. 2nd edn. McGraw Hill, New York (2001)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Fang, J., He, W., Somani, A.K.: Optimal light trail design in WDM optical networks. In: ICC’2004, pp. 1699–1703 (2004)

  8. Frederick, M.T., VanderHorn, N.A., Somani, A.K.: Light trails: a sub-wavelength solution for optical networking. In: HPSR’2004, pp. 175–179 (2004)

  9. Ge A., Callegati F., Tamil L.: On optical burst switching and self-similar traffic. IEEE Commun. Lett. 4(3), 98–100 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Gumaste A., Antony T.: DWDM Networks Design and Engineering Solutions. McMillan Publishers, New York (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Gumaste, A., Chlamtac, I.: Light-trails: a novel conceptual framework for conducting optical communications. In: HPSR’2003, pp. 251–256 (2003a)

  12. Gumaste, A., Chlamtac, I.: Mesh implementation of light-trails: a solution to IP centric communication. In: ICCCN’2003, pp. 178–183 (2003b)

  13. Gumaste, A., Chlamtac, I., Jue, J.P.: Light-frames: a pragmatic framework for optical packet transport. In: ICC’2004, pp. 1537–1542 (2004)

  14. Gumaste, A., Kuper, G., Chlamtac, I.: Optimizing light-trail assignment to WDM networks for dynamic IP centric traffic. Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, LANMAN 2004. In: 13th IEEE International Workshop on Software Technology and Engineering Practice, pp. 113–118, April 2004

  15. He, W., Fang, J., Somani, A.K.: On survivable design in light trail optical networks. In: Proceedings of 8th IFIP Working Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling, pp. 155–172, Feb 2004

  16. Modiano E., Lin P.: Traffic grooming in WDM networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 39, 124–129 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Strand J., Chiu A., Tkach R.: Issues for routing in the optical layer. IEEE Commun. Mag. 39(2), 81–87 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Verma S., Chaskar H., Ravikanth R.: Optical burst switching: a viable solution for terabit IP backbone. IEEE Netw. 14, 48–53 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wang Z., Crowcroft J.: Quality-of-service routing for supporting multimedia applications. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 14(7), 1228–1234 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Waxman B.M.: Routing of multipoint connections. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 6, 1617–1622 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Xue, G., Sen, A., Banka, R.: Routing with many additive QoS constraints. In: ICC ’03: IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2003, vol. 1, pp. 223–227, 11–15 May 2003

  22. Xue G., Zhang W., Tang J., Thulasiraman K.: Polynomial time approximation algorithms for multi-constrained QoS routing. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 16, 656–669 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Yoo M., Qiao C.: Optical burst switching (OBS)—a new paradigm for and optical Internet. J. High Speed Netw. (JHSN) 8(1), 69–84 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Zhu K., Mukherjee B.: Traffic grooming in an optical WDM mesh network. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 20, 122–133 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Zhu H., Zang H., Zhu K., Mukherjee B.: A novel generic graph model for traffic grooming in heterogeneous WDM mesh networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 11, 285–299 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA

    Weiyi Zhang & Farah Kandah

  2. NEC Laboratories America, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA

    Chonggang Wang

  3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA

    Hongxiang Li

Authors
  1. Weiyi Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Farah Kandah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chonggang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hongxiang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Weiyi Zhang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhang, W., Kandah, F., Wang, C. et al. Dynamic light trail routing in WDM optical networks. Photon Netw Commun 21, 78–89 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-010-0282-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-010-0282-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation