Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Adaptive multilevel modulation for grooming in elastic cloud optical networks

  • Published:
Photonic Network Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In order to mitigate the mismatch of granularities between fixed grid and client traffic, the elastic optical network (EON) was proposed by using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. In EONs, the bandwidth variable transponder adjusts the number of bits per symbol, so that an optical signal generates by using just enough sub-carriers each with appropriate modulation level. Owing to the advantage of line-rate adaption above, the application of cloud computing has witnessed rapid growth in EONs. However, bandwidth variable transponders consume more power compared with ordinary ones, which will lead to a power-thirsty EON if no effective measure is taken. As a result, the green grooming was proposed for EONs. Unfortunately, the adaptive multilevel modulation was neglected in the current works focusing on green grooming. Thus, in this paper, we design a novel modulation adaptive grooming with guaranteeing transmission performances in green EONs. The distance-adaptive spectrum resource allocation is applied to the green grooming algorithm previously designed by us for EONs. The simulation results show that the adaptive multilevel modulation plays an important role on saving spectrum and power consumption for the green grooming in EONs, because the spectral bandwidth can be saved by increasing the number of bits per symbol to transmit the same data rate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Takara, H., Kozicki, B., Sone, Y. et al.: Spectrally-efficient elastic optical path networks. In: Proceedings of OECC, pp. 9–13 (2010)

  2. Takara, H., Yonenaga, K., Jinno, M.: Spectrally-efficient elastic optical path networks toward 1 Tb/ps. In: Proceedings of OFC, pp. 1–3 (2012)

  3. Wang, Q., Chen, L.: Performance analysis of multicast traffic over spectrum elastic optical networks. In: Proceedings of OFC, pp. 1045–1051 (2012)

  4. Shen, G., Yang, Q.: From coarse grid to mini-grid to gridless: how much can gridless help contentionless. In: Proceedings of OFC, pp. 1–6 (2012)

  5. Wang, Y., Cao, X., Pan, Y.: A study of the routing and spectrum allocation in spectrum-sliced elastic optical path networks. In: Proceedings of INFOCOM, pp. 1503–1511 (2011)

  6. Leenheer, D., Morea, A., Mukherjee, B.: A survey on OFDM-based elastic core optical networking. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 15(1), 1–6 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Klinkowski, M., Walkowiak, K.: Routing and spectrum assignment in spectrum sliced elastic optical path network. IEEE Commun. Lett. 15(8), 884–886 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhao, Y., Zhang, J., Shu, X.: Routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) in OFDM-based bandwidth-variable optical networks. In: Proceedings of OECC, pp. 543–544 (2011)

  9. Christodoulopoulos, K., Tomkos, I., Varvarigos, E.: Elastic bandwidth allocation in flexible OFDM-based optical networks. J. Lightw. Technol. 29(9), 1354–1366 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Christodoulopoulos, K., Tomkos, I., Varvarigos, E.: Dynamic bandwidth allocation in flexible OFDM-based networks. In: Proceedings of OFC, pp. 142–150 (2011)

  11. Christodoulopoulos, K., Tomkos, I., Varvarigos, E.: Routing and spectrum allocation in OFDM-based optical networks with elastic bandwidth allocation. In: Proceedings of Globecom, pp. 1–6 (2010)

  12. Jorge, L., Yea, Y.: Energy efficiency analysis for flexible-grid OFDM-based optical networks. Comput. Netw. 16(2), 2400–2419 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., Zhang, H.: Traffic grooming in spectrum-elastic optical path networks. In: Proceedings of OFC, pp. 12–22 (2011)

  14. Tanaka, T., Hirano, A., Jinno, M. et al.: Comparative study of optical networks with grid flexibility and traffic grooming. In: Proceedings of COIN, pp. 1–8 (2012)

  15. Wan, X., Li, Y., Zhang, H.: Dynamic traffic grooming in flexible multi-layer optical networks. IEEE Commun. Lett. 43(1), 2079–2082 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhang, S., Martel, C., Mukherjee, B.: Dynamic traffic grooming in elastic optical networks. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun. 31(1), 4–12 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Wu, Y., Hou, W., Guo, L. et al.: Green grooming in elastic optical networks. In: Proceedings of OFC, pp. 1–3 (2014)

  18. Takagi, T., Hasegawa, H., Jinno, M.: Algorithms for maximizing spectrum efficiency in elastic optical path networks that adopt distance adaptive modulation. In: Proceedings of ECOC, pp. 12–23 (2010)

  19. Takagi, T., Hasegawa, H., Jinno, M.: Dynamic routing and frequency slot assignment for elastic optical path networks that adopt distance adaptive modulation. In: Proceedings of OFC, pp. 1–9 (2011)

  20. Huang, Y., Imp, E., Philip, N. et al.: Terabit/s optical super channel with flexible modulation format for dynamic distance/route transmission. In: Proceedings of OFC, pp. 14–21 (2012)

  21. Patel, A., Ji, P., Jue, J. et al.: Traffic grooming in flexible optical WDM (FWDM) networks. In: Proceedings of OECC, pp. 1–5 (2011)

  22. Ji, P., Patel, A.: Optical layer traffic grooming in flexible optical WDM (FWDM) networks. In: Proceedings of ECOC, pp. 1–10 (2011)

  23. Patel, A., Ji, P., Wang, T. et al.: Optical-layer traffic grooming in flexible grid WDM networks. In: Proceedings of Globecom, pp. 1–6 (2011)

  24. Xia, T., Gringeri, S., Tomizawa, M.: High-capacity optical transport networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 24(12), 170–178 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Rottondi, C., Tornatore, M., Pattavina, A., et al.: Traffic grooming and spectrum assignment for coherent transceivers in metro-flexible networks. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 25(12), 183–186 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology (SKLNST-2013-1-08), the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications (IPOC 2013B001), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (N130817002, N130404002), the Foundation of the Education Department of Liaoning Province (L2014089), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61401082, 61471109), the Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program, the National Program for Special Support of Eminent Professionals, and the National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China

    Cunqian Yu, Weigang Hou, Ying Wu, Jingjing Wu & Zhimin Sun

  2. State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing, 100876, China

    Weigang Hou

  3. State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing, 100876, China

    Weigang Hou

Authors
  1. Cunqian Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Weigang Hou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ying Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jingjing Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhimin Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Weigang Hou.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yu, C., Hou, W., Wu, Y. et al. Adaptive multilevel modulation for grooming in elastic cloud optical networks. Photon Netw Commun 31, 524–531 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-015-0543-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-015-0543-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation