Abstract
Design of a low-cost fiber–wireless communication architecture is desirable by network operators. Therefore, we demonstrate the transmission of \(2 \times 2\) MIMO spatial streams, each having 2 Gbps DPSK signal to two different radio access units (RAUs) in a distributed antenna system architecture. The proposed architecture employs mode group division multiplexing in combination with wavelength division multiplexing to transport RF DPSK signals centered at 10 GHz. The RF signals are used to modulate optical carriers that are centered at 1300 nm and transmitted toward the RAUs over perfluorinated graded-index plastic optical fiber. Heterodyne detection is performed at the RAUs to transmit mm-wave signals at 60 GHz to the end users. Furthermore, wireline access is also achieved at each RAU to support simplex services. A cost-efficient multiple wavelength source is generated from a single laser by employing a dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulator. An increase in multiplexing gain is achieved using the two LP modes, LP01 and LP11, of each generated wavelength. The proposed architecture gives acceptable BER results for practical implementation.







Similar content being viewed by others
References
VNI Global Fixed and Mobile Internet Traffic Forecasts. CISCO. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/index.html#mobile-forecast (2017). Accessed 03 March 2017
Thomas, V.A., Ghafoor, S., El-Hajjar, M., Hanzo, L.: The “Rap” on ROF: radio over fiber using radio access point for high data rate wireless personal area networks. IEEE Microw. Mag. 16(9), 64–78 (2015)
Gulistan, A., Ghafoor, S.: Self-phase modulation-based multiple carrier generation for radio over fiber duplex baseband communication. Photonic Netw. Commun. 29(2), 133–137 (2015)
Lannoo, B., Dixit, A., Colle, D., Bauwelinck, J., Dhoedt, B., Jooris, B., Moerman, I., Pickavet, M., Rogier, H., Simoens, P., Torfs, G., Ginste, D.V., Demeester, P.: Radio-over-fibre for ultra-small 5G cells. In: Proceedings of IEEE 17th International Conference Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 2015, pp. 1–4 (July 2015)
What Fibre to the Home can do for your community. FTTH Council Europe. http://www.ftthcouncil.eu/documents/Publications/Primer_UpdateMay2014_FINAL.pdf (2014). pp. 1–19 Accessed 09 December 2016
FTTH in Asia-Pacific reaches 100 million milestone. NExsT News. http://www.prysmiangroup.com/staticres/Nexst-2015-3/articles/news.html (2015). Accessed 20 December 2016
Daum, W., Krauser, J., Zamzow, P.E., Ziemann, O.: POF, Polymer Optical Fiber for Data Communications. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2002)
Alavi, S.E., Soltanian, M.R.K., Amiri, I.S., Khalily, M., Supaat, A.S.M., Ahmad, A.: Towards 5G: a photonic based millimeter wave signal generation for applying in 5G access fronthaul. Sci. Rep. 6, 19891 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19891
Zeng, J., van den Boom, H.P.A., Koonen, A.M.J.: Five-subcarrier multiplexed 64-QAM transmission over a 50-m core diameter graded index perfluorinated polymer optical fiber. In: Proceedings IEEE Optical and Fiber Communications/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conf. (OFC/NFOEC), 2008, pp. 1–3 (February 2008)
YU, J., Qian, D., Huang, M., Huang, M., Jia, Z., Chang, G.K., Wang, T.: 16Gbit/ s radio OFDM signals over graded-index plastic optical fiber. In: Proceedings of IEEE 34th European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC), 2008, pp. 1–2 (September 2008)
Lee, S.S.J., Breyer, F., Randel, S., Gaudino, R., Bosco, G., Bluschke, A., Matthews, M., Rietzsch, P., Steglich, R., van den Boom, H.P.A., Koonen, A.M.J.: Discrete multitone modulation for maximizing transmission rate in step-index plastic optical fibers. J. Lightwave Technol. 27(11), 1503–1513 (2009)
Giaretta, G., White, W., Wegmuller, M., Onishi, T.: High-speed (11 Gbit/s) data transmission using perfluorinated graded-index polymer optical fibers for short interconnects (\(<100 \text{ m }\)). IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12(3), 347–349 (2002)
Schbllmann, S., Wree, C., Joshi, A., Rosenkranz, W.: First Experimental Transmission over 50 m GI-POF at 40 Gb/s for Variable Launching Offsets. In: Proceedings of VDE 33rd European Conference on Optical Communications. (ECOC), 2007, pp. 1–2 (September 2008)
Polley, A., Ralph, S.E.: 100 m, 40 Gb/s plastic optical fiber link. In: Proceedings of IEEE Optical Fiber Communication/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC), 2008, pp. 1–3 (February 2008)
Lethien, C., Goffin, A., Vilcot, J.P., Loyez, C.: Radio over fiber systems using perfluorinated graded index polymer optical fiber. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 48(6), 1197–1199 (2006)
Lu, H.-H., Chang, C.-H., Peng, P.-C., Su, H.-S., Hu, H.-W.: A radio-over-GI-POF transport system. J. Lightwave Technol. 28(13), 1917–1921 (2010)
Jian, W., Liu, C., Chien, H.-C., Fan, S.-H., Yu, J., Wang, J., Dong, Z., Yu, J., Yu, C., Chang, G.-K.: QPSK-OFDM radio over polymer optical fiber for broadband in-building 60GHz wireless access. In: Proceedings of IEEE Optical Fiber Communication/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC), 2010, pp. 1–3 (February 2010)
Forni, F., Shi, Y., van den Boom, H.P.A., Tangdiongga, E., Konnen, A.M.J.: LTE-A compliant multi-band radio and gigabit/s baseband transmission over 50 m of 1 mm core diameter GI-POF for in-home networks. Electron. Lett. 52(9), 738–740 (2016)
Yu, J., Li, X., Chi, N.: Faster than fiber: over 100-Gb/s signal delivery in fiber wireless integration system. Opt. Exp. 21(19), 22885–22904 (2013)
Miyamoto, K., Tashiro, T., Higashino, T., Tsukamoto, K., Komaki, S., Hara, K., Taniguchi, T., Kani, J.-i., Yoshimoto, N., Iwatsuki, K.: Experimental demonstration of MIMO RF signal transmission in RoF-DAS over WDM-PON. In: Proceedings of IEEE Microwave Photonics/Asia-Pacific Microwave Photonics Conference (MWP/APMP), 2011, pp. 25–28 (October 2011)
Kanno, A., Kuri, T., Hosako, I., Kawanishi, T., Yoshida, Y., Yasumura, Y., Kitayama, K-i: Optical and millimeter-wave radio seamless MIMO transmission based on a radio over fiber technology. Opt. Exp. 20(28), 29395–29403 (2012)
Li, X., Xiao, J., Yu, J.: Long-distance wireless mm-wave signal delivery at W-band. J. Lightw. Technol. 34(2), 661–668 (2016)
Li, X., Yu, J., Xiao, J.: Demonstration of ultra-capacity wireless signal delivery at W-band. J. Lightw. Technol. 34(1), 180–187 (2016)
Li, X., Yu, J., Zhang, J., Dong, Z., Li, F., Chi, N.: A 400G optical wireless integration delivery system. Opt. Exp. 21(16), 18812–18819 (2013)
Awad, M., Dayoub, I., Hamouda, W., Rouvaen, J.-M.: Adaptation of the mode group diversity multiplexing technique for radio signal transmission over multimode fiber. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 3(1), 1–9 (2010)
Gordon, G., Carpenter, J., Crisp, M., Wilkinson, T., Penty, R., White, I.: Demonstration of radio-over-fibre transmission of broadband MIMO over multimode fibre using mode division multiplexing. In: Proceedings of IEEE European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication 2012, pp. 1–3 (September 2012)
Gordon, G.S.D., Crisp, M.J., Penty, R.V., Wilkinson, T.D., White, I.H.: Feasibility demonstration of a mode-division multiplexed MIMO-enabled radio-over-fiber distributed antenna system. J. Lightwave Technol. 32(20), 3521–3528 (2014)
Diamantopoulos, N., Inudo, S., Yoshida, Y., Maruta, A., Kanno, A., Dat, P.T., Kawanishi, T., Maruyama, R., Kuwaki, N., Matsuo, S., Kitayama, K.: Mode-division multiplexed W-band RoF transmission for higher-order spatial multiplexing. In: Proceedings of IEEE Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibition (OFC), 2015, pp. 1–3 (March 2015)
Kitayama, K.-I., Maruta, A., Yoshida, Y., Diamantopoulos, N.P., Huang, Y.-C., Nakazawa, M., Isoda, T.: Mode division multiplexing network: a deployment scenario in metro area network. Proc. IEEE Glob. Commun. Conf. 2014, 2154–2159 (2014)
Han, L., Liang, S., Xu, J., Qiao, L., Zhu, H., Wang, W.: Simultaneous wavelength- and mode-division (de)multiplexing for high-capacity on-chip data transmission link. IEEE Photon. J. 8(2), 1 (2016)
Franz, B., Bulow, H.: Experimental evaluation of principal mode groups as high-speed transmission channels in spatial multiplex systems. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 24(16), 1363–1365 (2012)
Chen, H., Van den Boom, H.P.A., Koonen, T.: 30Gbit/s \(3 \times 3\) optical mode group division multiplexing system with mode-selective spatial filtering. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 23(18), 1283–1285 (2011)
Zhang, L., Hu, X., Cao, P., Wang, T., Su, Y.: Optical frequency comb generation based on chirping of Mach–Zehnder Modulators. Opt. Commun. 344, 139–146 (2015)
Kuri, T., Kitayama, K.: Optical heterodyne detection technique for densely multiplexed millimter-wave-band radio-on-fiber systems. J. Lightwave Technol. 21(12), 3167–3179 (2003)
Wiberg, A., Perez-Millan, P., Andres, M.V., Andrekson, P.A., Hedekvist, P.O.: Fiber-optic 40-GHz mm-wave link with 2.5-Gb/s data transmission. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(9), 1938–1940 (2005)
Arik, S., Po Ho, K., Kahn, J.M.: Delay spread reduction in mode-division multiplexing: mode coupling versus delay compensation. J. Lightwave Technol. 33(21), 4504–4512 (2015)
Xia, C., Chand, N., Velzquez-Bentez, A.M., Liu, X., Lopez, J.E.A., Wen, H., Zhu, B., Effenberger, F., Amezcua-Correa, R., Li, G.: Demonstration of world’s first few-mode GPON. In: Proceedings of IEEE European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC), 2014, pp. 1–3 (September 2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Raza, A., Ghafoor, S. & Butt, M.F.U. MIMO-enabled integrated MGDM–WDM distributed antenna system architecture based on plastic optical fibers for millimeter-wave communication. Photon Netw Commun 35, 265–273 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-017-0741-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-017-0741-9