Abstract
Resources of Passive Optical Networks (PONs) can be shared by a diverse spectrum of customers such as residential users, business subscribers, mobile network operators, and service providers. A PON customer can rent one or several Optical Network Units (ONUs) from an Infrastructure Service Provider. The ONUs of a customer (multi-ONU customer) can be subject to large spatiotemporal traffic variability, resulting in underutilization of particular ONUs and overutilization of others. The Interleaved Polling with Adaptive Cycle Time with Multi-ONU SLAs support (MOS-IPACT) algorithm has been recently proposed to promote the redistribution of unused bandwidth of underloaded ONUs of a multi-ONU customer. This paper introduces an analytical model to evaluate the duration of idle periods in bandwidth usage, as well as a performance evaluation of the MOS-IPACT algorithm in networks with traditional and multi-ONU customers. Numerical results show that the MOS-IPACT algorithm efficiently distributes the excess bandwidth among the ONUs of multi-ONU customers without compromising the bandwidth availability.












Data Availability Statement
Data will be made available on reasonable request.
Notes
For the sake of clearness and brevity, herein after, \(A_{Os}\) is omitted from the offered load values in \(\mathcal {O}_{S}\)
References
Elrasad, A., Afraz, N., Ruffini, M.: Virtual dynamic bandwidth allocation enabling true pon multi-tenancy. In: Optical fiber communication conference, pp. M3I–3. Optical Society of America (2017)
Ciceri, O.J., Astudillo, C.A., da Fonseca, N.L.: Dynamic bandwidth allocation with multi-onu customer support for ethernet passive optical networks. In: Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE symposium on computers and communications (ISCC), pp. 00230–00235. IEEE (2018)
Jakimowicz, K.: Back to work: How technology can help create a new normal. https://datasmart.ash.harvard.edu/ (2020). Accessed July 2021
Bafoutsou, G., Dekker, M.: Telecom security during a pandemic. The European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) p. 39 (2020)
Heaven, W.: Why the coronavirus lockdown is making the internet stronger than ever. MIT technology review, p. 1. https://www.technologyreview.com/ (2020). Accessed 10 Sep 2021
Kramer, G., Mukherjee, B., Pesavento, G.: Interleaved polling with adaptive cycle time (ipact): a dynamic bandwidth distribution scheme in an optical access network. Photon Netw. Commun. 4(1), 89–107 (2002)
Assi, C.M., Ye, Y., Dixit, S., Ali, M.A.: Dynamic bandwidth allocation for quality-of-service over ethernet pons. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 21(9), 1467–1477 (2003)
Choi, S.Y., Lee, S., Lee, T.J., Chung, M.Y., Choo, H.: Double-phase polling algorithm based on partitioned onu subgroups for high utilization in epons. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 1(5), 484–497 (2009)
Ciceri, O.J., Astudillo, C.A., da Fonseca, N.L.: Dba algorithm for cooperative resource sharing among epon customers. In: ICC 2020–2020 IEEE international conference on communications (ICC), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2020)
McGarry, M.P., Reisslein, M.: Investigation of the dba algorithm design space for epons. J. Lightwave Technol. 30(14), 2271–2280 (2012)
Dutta, S., Das, G., Bhar, C., Chitimalla, D.: Performance analysis of the limited bandwidth allocation scheme with excess distribution. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 11(6), 307–321 (2019)
Elrasad, A., Shihada, B.: A practical approach for excess bandwidth distribution for epons. In: OFC 2014, pp. 1–3. IEEE (2014)
Mercian, A., McGarry, M.P., Reisslein, M.: Offline and online multi-thread polling in long-reach pons: a critical evaluation. J. Lightwave Technol. 31(12), 2018–2028 (2013)
Yin, Y., Poo, G.S.: A hybrid cycle bandwidth allocation scheme with differentiated services support in ethernet passive optical networks. Photon Netw. Commun. 15(3), 263–274 (2008)
Ciceri, O.J., Astudillo, C.A., da Fonseca, N.L.: Performance evaluation of ethernet passive optical networks with multi-onu customers. In: Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Latin-American conference on communications (LATINCOM), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2020)
de Melo Pereira, F., Da Fonseca, N.L., Arantes, D.S.: A fair scheduling discipline for ethernet passive optical networks. Comput. Netw. 53(11), 1859–1878 (2009)
McGarry, M.P., Reisslein, M., Maier, M.: Ethernet passive optical network architectures and dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 10(3), 46–60 (2008)
Kim, H., Ha, S., Chiang, M., Kang, D.K., Kim, J.H.: Iterative resource pooling for bandwidth allocation in tdm-pon: algorithm, convergence and experimental evaluation. Photon Netw. Commun. 24(2), 138–150 (2012)
Astudillo, C.A., Da Fonseca, N.L.: Standard-compliant qos provisioning scheme for lte/epon integrated networks. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 21(3), 44–51 (2014)
Astudillo, C. A., da Fonseca, N. L. S., Borin, J. F.: LTE scheduler for LTE/TDM-EPON integrated networks. IEEE Wirel. Commun. Netw. Conf. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC.2014.6952396
Acknowledgements
This work was partially sponsored by grant #15/24494-8, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), CAPES and CNPq.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ciceri, O.J., Astudillo, C.A. & da Fonseca, N.L.S. Performance evaluation of multi-ONU customers in ethernet passive optical networks. Photon Netw Commun 43, 34–45 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-022-00969-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-022-00969-9