Abstract
The Ginzburg–Landau equation (GLE) plays an important role in discrete solitons laser array lattices. In this manuscript, the analytical solution for GLE which is a discrete analogue of laser array using non-perturbation methods is represented. The laser array for stability analysis of time-dependent solution in terms of damping and coupling is investigated. Further, GLE equation for periodic travelling wave solution with homotopy perturbation method and variational iteration method is derived. These methods provide a straightforwardly computable, readily demonstrable and rapidly convergent solution. For the sake of the consistency, validation and effectiveness of these methods, a convergence of GLE has also been revealed.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability statement
Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
References
Pottoo, S.N., Goyal, R., Gupta, A.: Development of 32‑GBaud DP‑QPSK free space optical transceiver using homodyne detection and advanced digital signal processing for future optical networks. Opt. Quantum Electron. 52(496), (2020)
Goyal, R., Kaler, R.: A novel architecture of hybrid (WDM/TDM) passive optical networks with suitable modulation format. Opt. Fiber Technol. 18(6), 518–522 (2012)
Goyal, R., Kaler, R.S.: Investigation on polarization dependent bidirectional hybrid (WDM/TDM) utilizing QAM modulation with different amplifiers. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater Rapid Commun. Natl. Inst. 8(8), 631–634 (2014)
Kumar, C., Goyal, R.: Analysis of proposed hybrid amplifier model for single to multi-channel WDM optical system at 10 Gbps with 100 GHz of channel spacing. Int. J. Inf. Technol. (in press) (2017)
Wang, Z., Li, Te., Yang, G., Song, Y.: High power, high efficiency continuous-wave 808 nm laser diode arrays. Opt. Laser Technol. 97, 297–301 (2017)
Li, J., Cao, J., Xu, X.: Effects of phase errors on phase locking of all-fiber laser arrays. Opt. Laser Technol. 47, 372–378 (2013)
Guo, F., Dan, Lu., Zhang, R., Liu, S., Sun, M., Kan, Q., Ji, C.: A 1.3-μm four-channel directly modulated laser array fabricated by SAGUpper-SCH technology. Opt. Commun. 383, 577–580 (2017)
Zhou, L., Duan, K.: Stability in a general coupled laser array. Optik 123, 2187–2190 (2012)
Thomson, S.J., Durey, M., Rosales, R.R.: Discrete and periodic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation for a hydrodynamic active lattice. Phys. Rev. E 103, 062215 (2021)
Akram, G., Sadaf, M., Mariyam, H.: A comparative study of the optical solitons for the fractional complex Ginzburg–Landau equation using different fractional differential operators. Optik 256, 168626 (2022)
Hennig, D., Karachalios, N.I.: Dynamics of nonlocal and local discrete Ginzburg–Landau equations: global attractors and their congruence. Nonlinear Anal. 215, 112647 (2022)
Neveen, G., Ahmed, H.E., El-Azabb, M.S., Obayya, S.S.A.: Pseudo-spectral approach for extracting optical solitons of the complex Ginzburg Landau equation with six nonlinearity forms”. Optik 254, 168662 (2022)
Mukai, D.: Mirror symmetry of nonabelian Landau-Ginzburgorbifolds with loop type potentials. J. Geom. Phys. 159, 103877 (2021)
Kudryashov, N.A.: First integrals and general solution of the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation. Appl. Math. Comput. 386, 125407 (2020)
Malomed, B.A.: New findings for the old problem: Exact solutions for domain walls in coupled real Ginzburg–Landau equations. Phys. Lett. A 422, 127802 (2022)
Fan, J., Samet, B., Zhou, Y.: Uniform regularity for a 3D time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau model in superconductivity. Comput. Math. Appl. 75(9), 3244–3248 (2018)
Yang, L., Xueke, Pu.: Large deviations for stochastic 3D cubic Ginzburg–Landau equation with multiplicative noise. Appl. Math. Lett. 48, 41–46 (2015)
Oskoee, E.N.: Computing properties of materials based on the Ginzburg-Landau equation. Comput. Sci. Eng. 9(2), 84–95 (2007)
Rani, M., Bhatti, H.S., Singh, V.: Exact solitary wave solution for higher order nonlinear schrodinger equation using He’s variational iteration method. Opt. Eng. 56(11), 116103 (2017)
Rani, M., Bhatti, H.S., Singh, V.: Performance analysis of spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access system using modified double weight codes with adomian decomposition method. J. Opt. Commun. 39(4), 1–8 (2017)
Tozar, A.: New analytical solutions of fractional complex Ginzburg–Landau equation. Univ. J. Math. Appl. 3(3), 129–132 (2020)
Thomson, S.J., Durey, M., Rosales, R.R.: Discrete and periodic complex Ginzburg–Landau equation for a hydrodynamic active lattice. Phys. Rev. E 103, 062215 (2021)
Naghshband, S., Fariborzi Araghi, M.A.: Solving the cubic complex Ginzburg–Laundau equation by Homotopy analysis method. Indian J. Sci. Technol. 13(24), 2387–2403 (2020)
Zhang, X., Chai, J., Huang, J., Chen, Z., Li, Y., Malomed, B.A.: Discrete solitons and scattering of lattice waves in guiding arrays with a nonlinear PT-symmetric defect. Opt. Express 22(11), 13927–13939 (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Rani, M., Singh, V. & Goyal, R. Analytical solution for ginzburg–landau equation in discrete solitons laser arrays lattices via non-perturbation methods. Photon Netw Commun 46, 108–111 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-023-01005-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-023-01005-0