Abstract
We present a new scheme to implement an N-qubit controlled-unitary operation directly in a single step. The main advantage of our scheme is that we do not use conventional gate decomposition protocols to break an N-qubit controlled-unitary gate into one- and two-qubit gates. This greatly reduces the number of computational steps in implementing quantum algorithms and error-correcting codes, which use multi-control unitary operations. We show how to find analytic solutions to the time evolution of the system, so that system parameters can be found to realize the desired N-qubit controlled-unitary operations.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- LNN:
-
Linear nearest neighbor
- CNOT:
-
Controlled-NOT
References
Nielsen M.A., Chuang I.L.: Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001)
Shor P.W.: Polynomial-time algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer. SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput. 26, 1484 (1997)
Grover L.K.: Quantum mechanics helps in searching for a needle in a haystack. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 325–328 (1997)
Steane A.: Error correcting codes in quantum theory. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 793–797 (1996)
Barenco A., Bennett C.H., Cleve R., DiVincenzo D.P., Margolus N., Shor P., Sleator T., Smolin J.A., Weinfurter H.: Elementary gates for quantum computation. Phys. Rev. A 52, 3457–3467 (1995)
Song G., Klappenecker A.: Optimal realizations of controlled unitary gates. Quantum Inf. Comput. 3, 139–155 (2003)
Möttoönen M., Vartiainen J.J., Bergholm V., Salomaa M.M.: Quantum circuits for general multiqubit gates. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 130502 (2004)
Bergholm V., Vartiainen J.J., Möttoönen M., Salomaa M.M.: Quantum circuits with uniformly controlled one-qubit gates. Phys. Rev. A 71, 052330 (2005)
Vatan F., Williams C.: Optimal quantum circuits for general two-qubit gates. Phys. Rev. A 69, 032315 (2004)
Shende V.V., Markov I.L., Bullock S.S.: Minimal universal two-qubit controlled-NOT-based circuits. Phys. Rev. A 69, 062321 (2004)
Bullock S.S., Markov I.L.: Arbitrary two-qubit computation in 23 elementary gates. Phys. Rev. A 68, 012318 (2003)
Zhang J., Vala J., Sastry S., Whaley K.B.: Minimum construction of two-qubit quantum operations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 020502 (2004)
Yang C.P., Han S.: n-qubit-controlled phase gate with superconducting quantum-interference devices coupled to a resonator. Phys. Rev. A 72, 032311 (2005)
Yang C.P., Han S.: Realization of an n-qubit controlled-U gate with superconducting quantum interference devices or atoms in cavity QED. Phys. Rev. A 73, 032317 (2006)
Goto H., Ichimura K.: Multiqubit controlled unitary gate by adiabatic passage with an optical cavity. Phys. Rev. A 70, 012305 (2004)
Niskanen A., Vartiainen J.J., Salomaa M.M.: Optimal multiqubit operations for Josephson charge qubits. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 197901 (2003)
Zou X., Li K., Guo G.: Linear optical scheme for direct implementation of a nondestructive N-qubit controlled phase gate. Phys. Rev. A 74, 044305 (2007)
Guerin S., Lacaor X., Sangouard N., Jauslin H.R.: Arbitrary state controlled-unitary gate by adiabatic passage. Phys. Rev. A 73, 042321 (2006)
Xue P., Xiao Y.F.: Universal quantum computation in decoherence-free subspace with neutral atoms. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 140501 (2006)
Xiao Y.F., Zuo X.B., Guo G.C.: One-step implementation of an N-qubit controlled-phase gate with neutral atoms trapped in an optical cavity. Phys. Rev. A 75, 054303 (2007)
Makhlin Y., Schon G., Shnirman A.: Josephson-junction qubits with controlled couplings. Nature 398, 305–309 (1999)
Yang W.-L., Wei H., Chen C.: Scheme for N-qubit Toffoli gate by transport of trapped ultracold ions. Commun. Theor. Phys. 50(5), 1117–1122 (2008)
Yang C.: A scheme for realizing n-qubit controlled-phase gates with atoms in cavity QED. Phys. Lett. A 372, 2782–2786 (2008)
Tang Y.-X., Lin X.-M., Lin G.-W., Chen L.-B., Huang X.-H.: Direct implementation of a scalable non-local multi-qubit controlled phase gate via optical fibres and adiabatic passage. Chin. Phys. B 17(12), 4388 (2008)
Harris R., Brito F., Berkley A.J., Johansson J., Johnson M.W., Lanting T., Bunyk P., Ladizinsky E., Bumble B., Fung A., Kaul A., Kleinsasser A., Han S.: Synchronization of multiple coupled rf-SQUID flux qubits. New J. Phys. 11, 123022 (2009)
Grajcar M., Izmalkov A., van der Ploeg S.H.W., Linzen S., Plecenik T., Wagner T., Hübner U., Il’ichev E., Meyer H.-G., Smirnov A.Y., Love P.J., van den Brink A.M., Amin M.H.S., Uchaikin S., Zagoskin A.M.: Four-qubit device with mixed couplings. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 047006 (2006)
Zhou X., Zhou Z., Guo G., Feldman M.J.: Quantum computing with un-tunable couplings. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 197903–197906 (2002)
Benjamin S.C., Bose S.: Quantum computing with an ‘always-on’ Heisenberg interaction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 247901–247904 (2003)
Kumar P., Skinner S.R.: Simplified approach to implementing controlled-unitary operations in a two-qubit system. Phys. Rev. A 76, 022335 (2007)
Novais E., Castro Neto A.H.: Nuclear spin qubits in a pseudospin quantum chain. Phys. Rev. A 69, 062312 (2004)
van der Ploeg S.H.W., Izmalkov A., van den Brink A.M., Hübner U., Grajcar M., Il’ichev E., Meyer H.-G., Zagoskin A.M.: Controllable coupling of superconducting flux qubits. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 057004 (2007)
Stinaff E.A., Scheibner M., Bracker A.S., Ponomarev I.V., Korenev V.L., Ware M.E., Doty M.F., Reinecke T.L., Gammon D.: Optical signatures of coupled quantum dots. Science 311, 636–639 (2006)
Niskanen A.O., Harrabi K., Yoshihara F., Nakamura Y., Lloyd S., Tsai J.S.: Quantum coherent tunable coupling of superconducting qubits. Science 316, 723–726 (2007)
Groszkowski P., Fowler A.G., Motzoi F., Wilhelm F.K.: Tunable coupling between three qubits as a building block for a superconducting quantum computer. Phys. Rev. B 84, 144516–144522 (2011)
Kumar P., Skinner S.R.: Universal quantum computing in linear nearest neighbor architectures. Quantum Inf. Comput. 11, 0300–0312 (2011)
Harris R., Berkley A.J., Johnson M.W., Bunyk P., Govorkov S., Thom M.C., Uchaikin S., Wilson A.B., Chung J., Holtham E., Biamonte J.D., Yu. Smirnov A., Amin M.H.S., van den Brink A.M.: Sign- and magnitude-tunable coupler for superconducting flux qubits. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 177001–177004 (2007)
Harris R., Lanting T., Berkley A.J., Johansson J., Johnson M.W., Bunyk P., Ladizinsky E., Ladizinsky N., Oh T., Han S.: Compound Josephson-junction coupler for flux qubits with minimal crosstalk. Phys. Rev. B 80, 052506 (2009)
Niskanen A.O., Harrabi K., Yoshihara F., Nakamura N., Tsai J.S.: Spectroscopy of three strongly coupled flux qubits. Phys. Rev. B 74, 220503 (2006)
Fedorov A., Macha P., Feofanov A.K., Harmans C.J.P.M., Mooij J.E.: Tuned transition from quantum to classical for macroscopic quantum states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 170404 (2011)
Zhang J., Whaley K.B.: Generation of quantum logic operations from physical Hamiltonians. Phys. Rev. A 71, 052317–052329 (2005)
Skinner A.J., Davenport M.E., Kane B.E.: Hydrogenic spin quantum computing in silicon: a digital approach. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 087901 (2003)
Pachos J.K., Knight P.L.: Quantum computation with a one-dimensional optical lattice. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 087901 (2003)
Hollenberg L.C.L., Dzurak A.S., Wellard C., Hamilton A.R., Reilly D.J., Milburn G.J., Clark R.G.: Charge-based quantum computing using single donors in semiconductors. Phys. Rev. B 69, 113301 (2004)
Ionicioui R.: Entangling spins by measuring charge: A parity-gate toolbox. Phys. Rev. A 75, 032339 (2007)
Ibrahim W., Beiu V., Sulieman M.H.: On the reliability of majority gates full adders. IEEE Trans. Nanotech. 7(1), 56–67 (2008)
Cirac J.J., Zoller P.: A scalable quantum computer with ions in an array of microtraps. Nature 404, 579–581 (2000)
Lidar D.A., Chuang I.L., Whaley K.B.: Decoherence-free subspaces for quantum computation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2594 (1998)
Biercuk M.J., Uys H., VanDevender A.P., Shiga N., Itano W.M., Bollinger J.J.: Optimized dynamical decoupling in a model quantum memory. Nature 458, 996–1000 (2009)
Kumar, P., Skinner, S.R., Daraeizadeh, S.: A nearest neighbor quantum architecture to overcome dephasing. Quantum Inf. Process. (2012). doi:10.1007/s11128-012-0365-z
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, P. Direct implementation of an N-qubit controlled-unitary gate in a single step. Quantum Inf Process 12, 1201–1223 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-012-0465-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-012-0465-9