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Fault tolerant quantum key distributions using entanglement swapping of GHZ states over collective-noise channels

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Abstract

This work proposes two fault tolerant quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. Each of which is robust under one kind of collective noises: collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise, respectively. Due to the use of the entanglement swapping of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state as well as the decoy logical qubits, the new protocols provide the best qubit efficiency among the existing fault tolerant QKD protocols over the same collective-noise channel. The receiver simply performs two Bell measurements to obtain the raw key. Moreover, the proposed protocols are free from several well-known attacks and can also be secure over a lossy channel.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their very valuable comments, which greatly enhanced the clarity of this paper. We would also like to thank the National Science Council of Republic of China, for thefinancial support of this research under Contract No. NSC 100-2221-E-006-152-MY3.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan, ROC

    Chun-Wei Yang & Tzonelih Hwang

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  1. Chun-Wei Yang
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  2. Tzonelih Hwang
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Correspondence to Tzonelih Hwang.

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Yang, CW., Hwang, T. Fault tolerant quantum key distributions using entanglement swapping of GHZ states over collective-noise channels. Quantum Inf Process 12, 3207–3222 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-013-0593-x

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