Abstract
A novel private database query protocol with only one quantum state is proposed. The database owner Bob sends only one quantum state to the user Alice. The proposed protocol combines the idea of semiquantum key distribution and private query. It can be implemented in the situation where not all the parties can afford expensive quantum resources and operations. So our proposal is more practical in use. We also prove that the proposed protocol is secure in terms of the user security and the database security.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gertner, Y., Ishai, Y., Kushilevitz, E., Malkin, T.: Protecting data privacy in private information retrieval schemes. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 60, 592–629 (2000)
Chor, B., Goldreich, O., Kushilevitz, E., Sudan, M.: Private information retrieval. In: Proceedings of the 36th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS 1995), pp. 41–51 (1995)
Lo, H.K.: Insecurity of quantum secure computations. Phys. Rev. A 56, 1154–1162 (1997)
Kerenidis, I., de Wolf, R.: Quantum symmetrically-private information retrieval. Inf. Process. Lett. 90, 109–114 (2004)
Giovannetti, V., Lloyd, S., Maccone, L.: Quantum private queries. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 230502 (2008)
Giovannetti, V., Lloyd, S., Maccone, L.: Quantum private queries: security analysis. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theor. 56, 3465–3477 (2010)
Martini, F.D., Giovannetti, V., Lloyd, S., Maccone, L., Nagali, E., Sansoni, L., Sciarrino, F.: Experimental quantum private queries with linear optics. Phys. Rev. A 80, 010302 (2009)
Olejnik, L.: Secure quantum private information retrieval using phase-encoded queries. Phys. Rev. A 84, 022313 (2011)
Jakobi, M., Simon, C., Gisin, N., Bancal, J.D., Branciard, C., Walenta, N., Zbinden, H.: Practical private database queries based on a quantum-key-distribution protocol. Phys. Rev. A 83, 022301 (2011)
Gao, F., Liu, B., Wen, Q.-Y.: Flexible quantum private queries based on quantum key distribution. Opt. Express 20, 17411–17420 (2012)
Yang, Y.-G., Sun, S.-J., Xu, P., Tian, J.: Flexible protocol for quantum private query based on B92 protocol. Quantum Inf. Process. 13, 805–813 (2014)
Zhang, J.-L., Guo, F.-Z., Gao, F., Liu, B., Wen, Q.-Y.: Private database queries based on counterfactual quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. A 88, 022334 (2013)
Chan, P., Lucio-Martinez, I., Mo, X.F., Simon, C., Tittel, W.: Performing private database queries in a real-world environment using a quantum protocol. Sci. Rep. 4, 05233 (2014)
Scarani, V., Ac’ın, A., Ribordy, G., Gisin, N.: Quantum cryptography protocols robust against photon number splitting attacks for weak laser pulse implementations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 057901 (2004)
Bennett, C.H., Brassard, G.: Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, Bangalore, India (IEEE, New York), pp. 175–179 (1984)
Bennett, C.H.: Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3121–3124 (1992)
Tamaki, K., Lütkenhaus, N.: Unconditional security of the Bennett 1992 quantum key-distribution protocol over a lossy and noisy channel. Phys. Rev. A 69, 032316 (2004)
Tamaki, K., Koashi, M., Imoto, N.: Unconditionally secure key distribution based on two nonorthogonal states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 167904 (2003)
Phoenix, S.J.D., Barnett, S.M., Chefles, A.: Three-state quantum cryptography. J. Mod. Opt. 47, 507 (2000)
Boileau, J.-C., Tamaki, K., Batuwantudawe, J., Laflamme, R., Renes, J.M.: Unconditional security of a three state quantum key distribution protocol. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 040503 (2005)
Mor, T.: No cloning of orthogonal states in composite systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3137–3140 (1998)
Zou, X.F., Qiu, D.W., Li, L.Z., Wu, L.H., Li, L.J.: Semiquantum-key distribution using less than four quantum states. Phys. Rev. A 79, 052312 (2009)
Gisin, N., Fasel, S., Kraus, B., Zbinden, Z., Ribordy, G.: Trojan horse attacks on quantum key distribution systems. Phys. Rev. A 73, 022320 (2006)
Cai, Q.Y.: Eavesdropping on the two-way quantum communication protocols with invisible photons. Phys. Lett. A 351, 23–25 (2006)
Deng, F.G., Zhou, P., Li, X.H., et al.: Robustness of two-way quantum communication protocols against Trojan horse attack. arXiv: quant-ph/0508168
Helstrom, C.W.: Quantum Detection and Estimation Theory. Academic, New York (1976)
Hoffmann, H., Bostroem, K., Felbinger, T.: Comment on “Secure direct communication with a quantum one-time pad”. Phys. Rev. A 72, 016301 (2005)
Lin, S., Wen, Q.Y., Gao, F., Zhu, F.C.: Eavesdropping on secure deterministic communication with qubits through photon-number-splitting attacks. Phys. Rev. A 79, 054303 (2009)
Lo, H.-K., Chau, H.F.: Unconditional security of quantum key distribution over arbitrarily long distances. Science 283, 2050 (1999)
Brassard, G., Lütkenhaus, N., Mor, T., Sanders, B.C.: Limitations on practical quantum cryptography. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1330 (2000)
Acknowledgments
We thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61003290, 61202317); The Importation and Development of High-Caliber Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions (No. CIT&TCD201304039); National Cipher Development Fund during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period (No. MMJJ201401006).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, YG., Zhang, MO. & Yang, R. Private database queries using one quantum state. Quantum Inf Process 14, 1017–1024 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-014-0902-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-014-0902-z