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High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on qudits transmission with quantum Fourier transform

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Abstract

Historically, the information efficiency of the secret key in quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes based on binary signal formats was limited to 1 bit/particle. An efficient high-dimensional QKD protocol based on qudits transmission with the quantum Fourier transform is proposed. In the proposal, the inherent encoding framework provides a secure solution to key distribution, where the secret information can be hidden into the relative phases of the generated high-dimensional entangled state by performing the quantum Fourier transform and the quantum controlled-NOT gate. After the reverse operations are carried out, the key information can be decoded with the single-particle measurement chosen from two mutually unbiased bases. The secret key taking the form of the high-dimensional quantum state throughout the proposed QKD protocol enables to break the information efficiency limit. Besides, the security of the proposed QKD protocol is guaranteed by the decoy state method and it is proven to be secure even for the photon number splitting attack and the side-channel attack. The cryptographic performance in terms of security and capacity is better than that of traditional cryptographic protocols.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61871205 and 61561033), the Major Academic Discipline and Technical Leader of Jiangxi Province (Grant No. 20162BCB22011), the Innovation Special Foundation of Graduate Student of Jiangxi Province (Grant No. YC2018-B005) and the Innovation Special Foundation of Graduate Student of Nanchang University (Grant No. CX2018142).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China

    Xing-Yu Yan, Nan-Run Zhou, Li-Hua Gong & Yun-Qian Wang

  2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15261, USA

    Li-Hua Gong

  3. School of Computer Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China

    Xiao-Jun Wen

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  1. Xing-Yu Yan
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Yan, XY., Zhou, NR., Gong, LH. et al. High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on qudits transmission with quantum Fourier transform. Quantum Inf Process 18, 271 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-019-2368-5

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