Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Prefixed-threshold real-time selection for correlated turbulent channel model for quantum key distribution with modulating retro-reflectors

  • Published:
Quantum Information Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

    We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.

    Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.

Abstract

Free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) with modulating retro-reflectors (MRR) is adopted to simplify the pointing requirements in practical experiment, which has the potential for mobile and flexible QKD platforms. However, this protocol suffers double-pass weak turbulence that may affect the performance of the QKD experiment in free-space links. In this paper, the free-space QKD with MRR under double-pass correlated turbulent channel is analyzed to examine the relationship between system performance and two parameters of the fading correlation coefficient and the turbulence intensity. The threshold post-selection method (P-RTS) is extended to MRR-QKD scheme under correlated turbulent channel and the simulations show that the P-RTS method is effective to alleviate the effect of atmospheric turbulence and suitable for the situation of double-pass correlated turbulent channel to make the protocol more practical in actual environment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

References

  1. Bennett, C. H., Brassard, G.: Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, pp. 175–179. IEEE, New York (1984)

  2. Gisin, N., Ribordy, G., Tittel, W., Zbinden, H.: Quantum cryptography. Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 145–195 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Scarani, V., Bechmann-Pasquinucci, H., Cerf, N.J., Dusek, M., Lutkenhaus, N., Peev, M.: The security of practical quantum key distribution. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81(3), 1301–1350 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Stucki, D., Walenta, N., Vannel, F., Thew, R.T., Gisin, N., Zbinden, H., Gray, S., Towery, C.R., Ten, S.: High rate, long-distance quantum key distribution over 250 km of ultra-low loss fibres. New J. Phys. 11(7), 075003 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Liu, Y., Chen, T.Y., Wang, J., Cai, W.Q., Wan, X., Chen, L.K., Wang, J.H., Liu, S.B., Liang, H., Yang, L., Peng, C.Z., Chen, K., Chen, Z.B., Pan, J.W.: Decoy-state quantum key distribution with polarized photons over 200 km. Opt. Express 18(8), 8587–8594 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Korzh, B., Lim, C.C.W., Houlmann, R., Gisin, N., Li, M.J., Nolan, D., Sanguinetti, B., Thew, R., Zbinden, H.: Provably secure and practical quantum key distribution over 307 km of optical fibre. Nat. Photonics 9, 163–168 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Aspelmeyer, M., Jennewein, T., Pfennigbauer, M., Walter, L., Zeilinger, A.: Long distance quantum communication with entangled photons using satellites. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 9(6), 1541–1551 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Villoresi, P., Jennewein, T., Tamburini, F., Aspelmeyer, M., Bonato, C., Ursin, R., Pernechele, C., Luceri, V., Bianco, G., Zeilinger, A., Barbieri, C.: Experimental verification of the feasibility of aquantum channel between space and Earth. New J. Phys. 10(3), 033038 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bourgoin, J.P., Meyer-Scott, E., Higgins, B.L., Helou, B., Erven, C., Huebel, H., Kumar, B., Hudson, D., D’Souza, I., Girard, R., Laflamme, R., Jennewein, T.: A comprehensive design and performance analysis of LEO satellite quantum communication. New J. Phys. 15(2), 23006–23040 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Vallone, G., Bacco, D., Dequal, D., Gaiarin, S., Luceri, V., Bianco, G., Villoresi, P.: Experimental satellite quantum communications. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115(4), 040502 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Yin, J., Cao, Y., Li, Y.H., Liao, S.K., Zhang, L., Ren, J.G., Cai, W.Q., Liu, W.Y., Li, B., Dai, H., Li, G.B., Lu, Q.M., Gong, Y.H., Xu, Y., Li, S.L., Li, F.Z., Yin, Y.Y., Jiang, Z.Q., Li, M., Pan, J.W.: Satellite-based entanglement distribution over 1200 kilometers. Science 356(6343), 1140–1144 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Liao, S.K., Cai, W.Q., Handsteiner, J., Liu, B., Yin, J., Zhang, L., Rauch, D., Fink, M., Ren, J.G., Liu, W.Y., Li, Y., Qi, S., Cao, Y., Li, F.Z., Wang, F.J., Huang, Y.M., Deng, L., Xi, T., Ma, L., Hu, T., Li, L., Liu, N.L., Koidl, F., Wang, P.Y., Chen, Y.A., Wang, X.B., Steindorfer, M., Kirchner, G., Lu, C.Y., Shu, R., Ursin, R., Scheidl, T., Peng, C.Z., Wang, J.Y., Zeilinger, A., Pan, J.W.: Satellite-relayed intercontinental quantum phonetwork. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115(4), 030501 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Rabinovich, S.W., Mahon, R., Ferraro, M.S., Goetz, G.P., Bashkansky, M., Freeman, R.E., Reintjes, J., Murphy, L.J.: Free space quantum key distribution using modulating retro-reflectors. Opt. Express 26(9), 11331–11351 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Born, B., Hristovski, I.R., Geoffroy-Gagnon, S., Holzman, J.F.: All-optical retro-modulation for free-space optical communication. Opt. Express 26(4), 5031–5042 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Yang, G.W., Li, Z.P., Bi, M.H., Zhou, X.F., Zeng, R., Wang, T.S., Li, J.: Channel modeling and performance analysis of modulating retroreflector FSO systems under weak turbulence conditions. IEEE Photonics J. 9(2), 1–10 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lo, H.K., Curty, M., Qi, B.: Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(13), 130503 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Trinh, P.V., Pham, T.V., Dang, N.T., Nguyen, H.V., Ng, S.X., Pham, A.T.: Design and security analysis of quantum key distribution protocol over free-space optics using dual-threshold direct-detection receiver. IEEE Access 6, 4159–4175 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Bufton, J.L., Iyer, R.S., Taylor, L.S.: Scintillation statistics caused by atmospheric turbulence and speckle in satellite laser ranging. Appl. Opt. 16(9), 2408–2413 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Andrews, L.C., Phillips, R.L.: Laser Beam Propagation Through Random Media, 2nd edn. SPIE Press, Bellingham (2005)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhang, Z.P., Zhang, H.F., Chen, W.Z., Li, P., Meng, W.D., Wang, Y.M., Wang, J., Hu, W., Yang, F.M.: Design and performances of laser retro-reflector arrays for Beidou navigation satellites and SLR observations. Adv. Space Res. 54(5), 811–817 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Yang, G.W., Khalighi, M.A., Bourennane, S.: Performance of receive diversity FSO systems under realistic beam propagation conditions. In: Proceedings of IET International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks & Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), pp. 1–5. IEEE, Poznan (2012)

  22. Vasylyev, D., Vogel, W., Semenov, A.A.: Theory of atmospheric quantum channels based on the law of total probability. Phys. Rev. A 97(6), 063852 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ma, X.F., Fung, C.-H.F., Dupuis, F., Chen, K., Tamaki, K., Lo, H.-K.: Decoy-state quantum key distribution with two-way classical post processing. Phys. Rev. A 74, 032330 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Wang, W.Y., Xu, F.H., Lo, H.K.: Prefixed-threshold real-time method in free-space quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. A. 97(3), 032337 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11704412), Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi (Program No. 2019ZDLGY09-01), Innovative Talents Promotion Plan in Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 2020KJXX-011) and Key Program of National University of Defense Technology (19-QNCXJ-009). We thank Wenyuan Gu, Ying Liu and Ding Yang for helpful discussions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an, 710077, China

    Xing-Yu Wang & Shang-Hong Zhao

  2. Information and Communication College, National University of Defense Technology, Xi’an, 710006, China

    Xing-Yu Wang, Tian-Yi Wu & Chen Dong

  3. No. 75835 Unit of PLA, Guangzhou, 510510, China

    Ying Sun

Authors
  1. Xing-Yu Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tian-Yi Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chen Dong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shang-Hong Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ying Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chen Dong.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, XY., Wu, TY., Dong, C. et al. Prefixed-threshold real-time selection for correlated turbulent channel model for quantum key distribution with modulating retro-reflectors. Quantum Inf Process 20, 44 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-020-02981-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-020-02981-2

Keywords