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Multi-party semi-quantum secure direct communication using Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states

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Abstract

Two three-party semi-quantum communication protocols (SQSDC protocol and SQD protocol) based on Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states are designed to make one quantum user and two classical ones to communicate. Three-party SQSDC protocol allows two classical senders to transmit their message to one quantum receiver simultaneously, while three-party SQD protocol is that the quantum party exchanges secret message with the classical ones. The security analysis manifests that two proposed protocols are resistant to several common individual eavesdropping attacks. Besides, compared with the existing SQSDC protocols, the proposed SQSDC protocol is more efficiency by adopting a new decoding operation based on the property of GHZ states. As for the proposed SQD protocol, it has the advantage of avoiding joint cheating between Alice and Bob with high efficiency of 40%. Furthermore, three-party QSDC and three-party SQD can be easily generalized into N-party SQSDC protocol and N-party SQD protocol suitable for new application scenarios, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61871205).

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  1. School of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China

    You-Feng Yang, Long-Zhen Duan, Tao-Rong Qiu, Xu-Ming Xie & Wen-Ying Duan

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Yang, YF., Duan, LZ., Qiu, TR. et al. Multi-party semi-quantum secure direct communication using Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states. Quantum Inf Process 21, 324 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-022-03671-x

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