Abstract
Here, graphene clad-based two surface plasmonic polariton modes interference (GTSPPMI) coupler is presented to get optically manipulated quantum interference. The Hong–Ou–Mandel depth varying with optical pulse energy is established theoretically using nano-scale two modes coupling. The fidelity of quantum entanglement is tuned by varying incident optical pulse energy and highest quantum fidelity is obtained as ~ 97.5% with optical pulse of energy 5.12 pJ and width 3.8 ps in graphene cladding. Our results promise to obtain optical reconfiguration of quantum plasmonics circuit in more compact and faster way than that with electrooptic and thermooptic way and high fabrication tolerance making its use in large-scale integrated quantum optic device.
Data availability
All data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
Ladd, T.D., et al.: Quantum computers. Nature 464, 45 (2010)
Walther, P., et al.: Experimental one-way quantum computing. Nature 434, 169 (2005)
Ursin, R., et al.: Entanglement based quantum communication over 144 km. Nat. Phys. 3, 481 (2007)
Marcikle, I., de Riedmatten, H., Tittel, W., Zbinden, H., Gisin, N.: Long distance teleportation of qubits at telecommunication wavelengths. Nature 421, 509 (2003)
Ono, T., Okamato, R., Takeuchi, S.: An entanglement enhanced microscope. Nat. Commun. 4, 2426 (2013)
Sahu, P.P.: Quantum optic instrument. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Fiber Optics and Photonics (invited), 12–15 December 2018.
O’Brien, J.L., Furusawa, A., Vuckovic, J.: Photonic quantum technologies. Nat. Photonics 3, 687–695 (2009)
Sahu, P.P.: Compact optical multiplexer using silicon nano-waveguide. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. Elect. 15, 1537–1541 (2009)
Kwiat, P.G.: An integrated light circuit. Nature 453, 294–295 (2008)
Schuller, J.A., Barnard, E.S., Cai, W., Jun, Y.C., White, J.S., Brongersma, M.L.: Plasmonics for extreme light concentration. Nat. Mater. 9, 193–204 (2010)
Berini, P., De Leon, I.: Surface plasmon-polariton amplifiers and lasers. Nat. Photonics 6, 16–24 (2011)
Wang, Y., Liu, H., Wang, S., Cai, M., Ma, L.: Optical transport properties of graphene surface plasmon polaritons in mid-infrared band. Crystals 9(7), 354 (2019)
Grigorenko, A.N., Polini, M., Novoselov, K.S.: Graphene plasmonics. Nat. Photonics 6, 749–758 (2012)
Fei, Z., et al.: Infrared nanoscopy of Dirac plamonics at the graphene- SiO2 interface. Nano Lett. 11, 4701–4705 (2011)
Kim, J.T., Choi, S.Y.: Graphene based plasmonic waveguides for photonic integrated circuits. Opt. Express 19, 24557–24562 (2011)
Weber, J.W., Calado, V.E., van de Sanden, M.C.M.: Optical constants of graphene measured by spectroscopi ellipsometry. Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 091904 (2010)
Yao, B., Wu, Y., Wang, Z., Cheng, Y., Rao, Y., Cong, Y., Chen, Y., Li, Y.: Demonstration of complex refractive index at graphene waveguide by microfiber based Mach zehnder interferometer. Opt. Express 21, 29818 (2013)
Luo, K.H., Brauner, S., Eigener, C., Sharapova, P.R., Ricken, R., Meier, T., Herrmann, H., Silberhorn, C.: Non linear integrated quantum electro-optic cricuits. Sci. Adv. 5, eaat1451 (2019)
Mathews, J.C.F., Politi, A., Sefenov, A., O’Brien, J.L.: Manipulating multiphoton entanglement in waveguide Quantum circuits. Nat. Photonics 3, 8–11 (2009)
Shadbolt, et al.: Generating, manipulating and measuring entsnglement and mixure with a reconfigurable photonic circuit. Nat. Phtotonics 6, 45–49 (2012)
Sahu, P.P.: Thermooptic reconfigurable Mach Zehnder quantum interference device. Results Phys. 12, 1329–1333 (2019)
Sahu, P.P.: Theoretical investigation of all optical switch based on compact surface plasmonic two mode interference coupler. J. Lightwave Technol. 34, 1300–1305 (2016)
Sahu, P.P.: All-optical switch using optically controlled two mode interference coupler. Appl. Opt. 51, 2601–2605 (2012)
Zhang, H., Virally, S., Bao, Q., Ping, L.K., Massar, S., Godbout, N., Kockkaert, P.: Z-scan measurement of the nonlinear refractive index of graphene. Opt. Lett. 37, 1856–1858 (2012)
Henry, E., Hale, P.J., Moger, J., Savchenkoand, A.K., Mikhailov, M.A.: Coherent nonlinear optical response of graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett 105, 097402 (2010)
Grant, R.S., Sibbett, W.: Observations of ultrafast nonlinear refraction in an InGaAsP optical amplifier. Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 1119–1121 (1991)
Sahu, P.P.: A compact surface plasmonics polariton quantum entanglement device. Plasmonics 14, 875–879 (2019)
Sahu, P.P.: Compact component for integrated quantum optic processing. Sci. Rep. 5, 16276-1–16285 (2015)
Mattle, K., Michler, M., Weinfurter, H., Zeilinger, A., Zukoowski, M.: Non classical statistics at multiport beam splitters. Appl. Phys. B Lasers Opt. 60, S111–S117 (1995)
Sahu, P.P.: Thermooptic two-mode interference device for reconfigurable quantum optic circuits. Quantum Inf. Process. 17, 150–155 (2018)
Peruzzo, A., Laing, A., Politi, A., Rudolph, T., O’brien, J.L.: Multimode quantum interference of photons in multiport integrated devices. Nat. Commun. 2(1), 224 (2011)
Acknowledgements
The author remains grateful for providing infrastructure to do this work. This work is completely done by the author and there are no conflicts of interest/competing interests.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sahu, P.P. Optical manipulation of quantum optic entanglement using graphene clad surface plasmonic polariton device. Quantum Inf Process 22, 248 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-023-04006-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-023-04006-0