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Quantum dialogue with one qubit to represent two bits

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Abstract

Two communicants can make use of quantum dialogue (QD) to exchange their private data in a secure efficient manner without preparing keys ahead. In order to increase the capacity of quantum communication, there were several QD protocols taking a photon in double degrees of freedom as their quantum resources recently. However, although they adopt different approaches to develop such a photon, these QD protocols have a common point—all making one degree of freedom represent only one bit. This paper proposes a novel method for one degree of freedom to symbolize two bits. Thus, its information density is twice that of these existing protocols. This will bring about a new QD of high information density. In a certain degree, its information-theoretical efficiencies can reach as high as 83.33%, more than the current maximum—66.67%. Moreover, the proposed method can also improve on cost and efficiency. Finally, the presented QD protocol is analysed turning out secure and without information leakage. Consequently, this work provides us a desirable QD alternative.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The author Yan-Feng Lang thanks Daughter Lang Duo-Zi for her support on this work and the Nanxun scholars program of ZJWEU (Grant No. RC2023010846).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nanxun Innovation Institute, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, 310018, China

    Yan-Feng Lang

  2. School of Information Engineering, Weifang Engineering Vocational College, Weifang, 262500, China

    Cheng-Cheng Cai

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Yan-Feng Lang wrote the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Lang, YF., Cai, CC. Quantum dialogue with one qubit to represent two bits. Quantum Inf Process 23, 396 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-024-04601-9

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