Skip to main content
Log in

Patents and market value in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry: new evidence from panel threshold regression

  • Published:
Scientometrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper applies panel threshold regression model to verify there is a triple threshold effect of patent citations/sales on the relationship between patent counts/sales and market value/sales in the American pharmaceutical industry. The results demonstrate that patent citations/sales moderates the relationship between patent counts/sales and market value/sales (i.e., the relationship between patent counts and market value). When patent citations/sales is less than or equal to the lowest threshold, 4.68, there is no significant relationship between patent counts and market value. Once patent citations/sales is more than the lowest threshold, there is a positive relationship between patent counts and market value. This study points out that the third regime is optimal because the extent of the positive relationship between patent counts and market value is most.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhargava, A., Franzini, L., & Narendranathan, W. (1982). Serial correlation and the fixed effects model. Review of Economic Studies, 49(158), 533–549.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bhat, V. N. (2005). Patent term extension strategies in the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceuticals Policy & Law, 6(1), 109–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, N., & Van Reenen, J. (2002). Patents, real options and firm performance. Economic Journal, 112(478), 97–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y.-S. (2011). Using patent analysis to explore corporate growth. Scientometrics, 88(2), 433–448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y.-S., & Chang, K.-C. (2009). Using neural network to analyze the influence of the patent performance upon the market value of the US pharmaceutical companies. Scientometrics, 80(3), 637–655.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y.-S., & Chang, K.-C. (2010a). Analyzing the nonlinear effects of firm size, profitability, and employee productivity on patent citations of the US pharmaceutical companies by using artificial neural network. Scientometrics, 82(1), 75–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y.-S., & Chang, K.-C. (2010b). Exploring the nonlinear effects of patent citations, patent share, and relative patent position on market value in the US pharmaceutical industry. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 22(2), 153–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y.-S., & Chang, K.-C. (2010c). The nonlinear nature of the relationships between the patent traits and corporate performance. Scientometrics, 82(1), 201–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y.-S., & Chang, K.-C. (2010d). The relationship between a firm’s patent quality and its market value—the case of US pharmaceutical industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 77(1), 20–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y.-S., & Chang, K.-C. (2012). Using the entropy-based patent measure to explore the influences of related and unrelated technological diversification upon technological competences and firm performance. Scientometrics, 90(3), 825–841.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duguet, E., & MacGarvie, M. (2005). How well do patent citations measure flows of technology? Evidence from French innovation survey. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 14(5), 375–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ernst, H. (1998). Patent portfolios for strategic R&D planning. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 15(4), 279–308.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, R. J., & Newbery, D. M. G. (1982). Preemptive Patenting and the Persistence of Monopoly. American Economic Review, 72(3), 514–526.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griliches, Z. (1958). Research costs and social returns: Hybrid corn and related innovations. Journal of Political Economy, 66(5), 419–431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griliches, Z. (1981). Market value, R&D, and patents. Economics Letters, 7, 183–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griliches, Z. (1996). R&D and productivity: The econometric evidence. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griliches, Z., Hall, B. H., & Pakes, A. (1991). R&D, patents, and market value revisited: Is there a second (technological opportunity) factor? Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 1, 183–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, B. H. (1993). The stock market’s valuation of R&D investment during the 1980’s. American Economic Review, 83(2), 259–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, B. H., Jaffe, A., & Trajtenberg, M. (2005). Market value and patent citations. Rand Journal of Economics, 36(1), 16–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, B. H., & Mairesse, J. (1995). Exploring the relationship between R&D and productivity in French manufacturing firms. Journal of Econometrics, 65, 263–293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, B. E. (1996). Inference when a nuisance parameter is not identified under the null hypothesis. Econometrica, 64, 413–430.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, B. E. (1999). Threshold effects in non-dynamic panels: Estimation, testing, and inference. Journal of Econometrics, 93(2), 345–368.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Harhoff, D., Narin, F., Scherer, F. M., & Vopel, K. (1999). Citation frequency and the value of patented inventions. Review of Economics and Statistics, 81(3), 511–515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, M.-C. (2008). Knowledge flows and innovation capability: The patenting trajectory of Taiwan’s thin film transistor-liquid crystal display industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 75(9), 1423–1438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53–74.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe, A. B. (1986). Technological opportunity and spillovers of R&D: Evidence from firms’ patents, profits, and market values. American Economic Review, 76(5), 984–1001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Y. G., Lee, J. D., Song, Y. I., & Lee, S. J. (2007). An in-depth empirical analysis of patent citation counts using zero-inflated count data model: The case of KIST. Scientometrics, 70(1), 27–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, A., Lin, C. F., & Chu, C. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1), 1–24.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Maddala, G. S., & Wu, S. (1999). A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61(S1), 631–652.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, G., & Park, Y. (2006). On the measurement of patent stock as knowledge indicators. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 73(7), 793–812.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soete, L., & Wyatt, S. (1983). The use of foreign patenting as an internationally comparable science and technology output indicator. Scientometrics, 5(1), 31–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toivanen, O., Stoneman, P., & Bosworth, D. (2002). Innovation and the market value of UK firms, 1989–1995. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 64(1), 39–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trajtenberg, M. (1990). A penny for your quotes: patent citations and the value of innovations. Rand Journal of Economics, 21(1), 172–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yu-Shan Chen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chen, YS., Shih, CY. & Chang, CH. Patents and market value in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry: new evidence from panel threshold regression. Scientometrics 97, 161–176 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-013-0999-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-013-0999-3

Keywords

Navigation