Abstract
The study utilizes a unique dataset of 16,575 research papers published in 68 national Business and Economics journals to investigate editorial bias towards insiders in Turkish academia. The study questions insiders’ motive for their choice of journal and predicts faster acceptance for papers that contain insider authors relative to the outsider papers in anticipation of favorable editorial treatment. The findings show that insiders not only publish in large numbers in their affiliated institutions’ journals but also do so at significantly faster speeds. Specifically, 4938 (29.79% of) papers have at least one insider author, and they are accepted 41.5 days faster than the average outsider submission. Papers in English, junior professors, and new-generation university journals are less likely to have insider authors; while papers in Turkish, senior professors, old-generation university journals, and papers originating from graduate theses are more likely. Remarkably, national journals indexed in ESCI do not engage in editorial favoritism towards insiders and require considerably longer time to accept submissions. As Turkish universities are leading publishers of academic journals, the findings have important implications for the Turkish academia. We note a declining trend of insider authorship and provide suggestions to mitigate insider bias.
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Data availability
Data is collected from public sources and available upon request.
Code availability
Not applicable. The analysis is performed in Stata software.
Notes
Authors thank an anonymous reviewer for suggesting this explanation.
For example, 8 of the 18 (44.4% of) papers accepted in 0 day are outsiders, and 4 of the 11 (36.4% of) papers accepted in 1 day are outsiders, supporting our argument that the employed insider definition is conservative.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Data collection and analysis were performed by Lokman Tutuncu. The first and final draft of the manuscript were written by Lokman Tutuncu. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Appendix
Appendix
Demographics of Turkish National Journals | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Journal Title | Years in TR-DIZIN | All Papers | Disclosed Papers | Insider Papers | Disclosure ratio (%) | Insider ratio (%) | Mean TIME | Mean Insider TIME | Mean Outsider TIME | Median TIME | Median Insider TIME | Median Outsider TIME | Mean Diff | Median Diff |
Abant İzzet Baysal SBED | 2015–2020 | 301 | 299 | 68 | 99.33 | 22.59 | 146.51 | 117.34 | 154.93 | 112 | 95 | 120 | − 37.59 | − 25 |
Adıyaman Üni. SBED (*) | 2014–2020 | 324 | 285 | 67 | 87.96 | 20.68 | 160.64 | 126.29 | 169.61 | 148 | 101 | 153.5 | − 43.32 | − 52.5 |
Afyon Kocatepe Üni. SBD | 2015–2020 | 303 | 290 | 87 | 95.71 | 28.71 | 248.20 | 212.57 | 262.25 | 210 | 180.5 | 214 | − 49.68 | − 33.5 |
Ahi Evran Üni. SBED (*) | 2018–2020 | 108 | 108 | 31 | 100 | 28.7 | 152.33 | 146.42 | 154.71 | 133.5 | 109 | 140 | − 8.29 | − 31 |
Akademik Araş. ve Çalış. Der. (*) | 2017–2020 | 140 | 140 | 2 | 100 | 1.42 | 127.76 | 34.50 | 129.12 | 115 | 34.5 | 115 | − 94.62 | − 80.5 |
Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi | 2014–2020 | 173 | 73 | 49 | 42.19 | 28.32 | 175.88 | 170.39 | 178.40 | 139 | 142 | 135.5 | − 8.01 | 6.5 |
Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi | 2014–2020 | 134 | 98 | 46 | 73.13 | 34.33 | 116.64 | 103.54 | 121.89 | 101.5 | 86 | 109 | − 18.35 | − 23 |
Alanya Akademik Bakis (*) | 2019–2020 | 76 | 76 | 8 | 100 | 10.52 | 125.49 | 79.00 | 130.96 | 94.5 | 46.5 | 102 | − 51.96 | − 55.5 |
Anadolu Üniversitesi SBD | 2014–2020 | 432 | 231 | 112 | 53.47 | 25.92 | 256.57 | 217.74 | 266.49 | 228 | 174 | 245 | − 48.74 | − 71 |
Anemon Muş Alp. Üni. SBD (*) | 2016–2020 | 677 | 676 | 141 | 99.85 | 20.82 | 104.56 | 84.22 | 109.93 | 90.5 | 70 | 96 | − 25.71 | − 26 |
Ankara Avrupa Çalış. Dergisi | 2014–2020 | 105 | 85 | 25 | 80.95 | 23.81 | 156.18 | 83.16 | 177.20 | 123 | 55 | 137.5 | − 94.04 | − 82.5 |
Ankara HBV Üni. IIBF Dergisi (*) | 2018–2020 | 298 | 212 | 127 | 41.14 | 42.62 | 98.93 | 71.06 | 115.49 | 77.5 | 48 | 96 | − 44.43 | − 48 |
Ankara Üni. SBF Dergisi | 2014–2020 | 302 | 283 | 84 | 93.71 | 27.81 | 169.06 | 140.07 | 178.40 | 135 | 98 | 150 | − 38.33 | − 52 |
Atatürk Üni. IIBF Dergisi | 2014–2020 | 370 | 290 | 118 | 78.38 | 31.89 | 151.85 | 127.89 | 163.71 | 118.5 | 100 | 127.5 | − 35.82 | − 27.5 |
Atatürk Üni. SBED | 2014–2020 | 750 | 595 | 380 | 79.33 | 50.67 | 127.55 | 124.00 | 130.92 | 96 | 95 | 98 | − 6.92 | − 3 |
Balıkesir Üni. SBED | 2014–2020 | 328 | 286 | 117 | 87.2 | 35.67 | 133.85 | 101.61 | 150.92 | 110 | 70 | 128 | − 49.31 | − 58 |
Bingöl Üni. IIBF Dergisi (*) | 2019–2020 | 31 | 31 | 9 | 100 | 29.03 | 124.48 | 109.11 | 130.77 | 125 | 95 | 132.5 | − 21.66 | − 37.5 |
Çukurova Üni. SBED | 2014–2020 | 446 | 236 | 234 | 52.91 | 52.46 | 147.05 | 113.32 | 180.78 | 109.5 | 85 | 142 | − 67.46 | − 57 |
Cumhuriyet Üni. İkt. ve İd. Bil. D | 2014–2020 | 167 | 104 | 88 | 62.27 | 52.69 | 67.10 | 55.18 | 80.47 | 48.5 | 34 | 51 | − 25.29 | − 17 |
Dokuz Eylül Üni. Deniz. Fak. Der | 2014–2020 | 107 | 101 | 69 | 94.39 | 64.49 | 106.03 | 95.18 | 126.49 | 81 | 76 | 83 | − 31.30 | − 7 |
Dokuz Eylül Üni. İşletme Fak. D | 2014–2020 | 102 | 91 | 49 | 89.21 | 48.04 | 171.01 | 152.68 | 190.59 | 122 | 115 | 124 | − 37.91 | − 9 |
Dokuz Eylül Üni. SBED | 2014–2020 | 272 | 272 | 52 | 100 | 19.12 | 231.60 | 176.88 | 244.53 | 180 | 113 | 196 | − 67.64 | − 83 |
Dumlupınar Üni. SBD | 2014–2020 | 616 | 207 | 203 | 33.6 | 32.95 | 168.90 | 114.66 | 190.02 | 146 | 99.5 | 155 | − 75.36 | − 55.5 |
Ege Akademik Bakış (**) | 2014–2020 | 312 | 127 | 28 | 40.71 | 8.97 | 251.91 | 217.55 | 255.16 | 230 | 187 | 237.5 | − 37.62 | − 50.5 |
Ekonomik ve Sosyal Aras. Der | 2014–2020 | 171 | 74 | 24 | 43.27 | 14.03 | 137.58 | 95.71 | 147.35 | 94.5 | 64.5 | 98.5 | − 51.64 | − 34 |
Erciyes Üni. IIBF Der | 2014–2020 | 213 | 93 | 60 | 43.66 | 28.16 | 175.30 | 158.08 | 178.10 | 204 | 149 | 206 | − 20.02 | − 57 |
Eskişehir Osman. Üni. IIBF D. (**) | 2014–2020 | 266 | 182 | 28 | 68.42 | 10.52 | 233.05 | 196.50 | 237.56 | 221.5 | 194 | 221.5 | − 41.06 | − 27.5 |
Eskişehir Osman. Üni. SBD | 2014–2020 | 173 | 134 | 54 | 77.46 | 31.21 | 141.10 | 139.21 | 141.88 | 139 | 146 | 135 | − 2.68 | 11 |
Finansal Araş. ve Çalış. Dergisi | 2014–2020 | 144 | 50 | 40 | 34.72 | 27.78 | 175.54 | 116.40 | 200.89 | 147 | 112 | 166 | − 84.49 | − 54 |
Gazi Akademik Bakış (*) | 2014–2020 | 172 | 131 | 39 | 76.16 | 22.67 | 175.69 | 129.41 | 185.04 | 161 | 99.5 | 185 | − 55.63 | − 85.5 |
Gaziantep Üni. SBD | 2014–2020 | 611 | 412 | 158 | 67.43 | 25.86 | 130.88 | 116.28 | 134.85 | 113.5 | 100 | 116 | − 18.56 | − 16 |
Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi | 2015–2020 | 186 | 186 | 53 | 100 | 28.49 | 131.89 | 111.42 | 140.05 | 111.5 | 88 | 122 | − 28.64 | − 34 |
Hacettepe Üni. IIBF Dergisi | 2014–2020 | 186 | 112 | 44 | 60.21 | 23.66 | 298.46 | 295.59 | 298.98 | 284.5 | 255 | 288 | − 3.39 | − 33 |
Hitit Üni. SBED (*) | 2014–2020 | 437 | 423 | 117 | 96.8 | 26.77 | 110.54 | 87.04 | 118.80 | 93 | 71 | 102 | − 31.76 | − 31 |
Istanbul Business Research (**) | 2018–2020 | 41 | 41 | 2 | 100 | 4.88 | 219.17 | 213.00 | 219.49 | 212 | 213 | 212 | − 6.49 | 1 |
Istanbul Iktisat Dergisi | 2014–2017 | 33 | 4 | 16 | 12.12 | 48.48 | 220.50 | 17.00 | 288.33 | 172.5 | 17 | 274 | − 271.3 | − 257 |
İzmir Iktisat Dergisi | 2019–2020 | 211 | 209 | 48 | 99.05 | 22.75 | 165.85 | 132.40 | 175.55 | 136 | 109 | 143.5 | − 43.15 | − 34.5 |
Kafkas Uni. IIBF Dergisi | 2017–2020 | 171 | 170 | 34 | 99.41 | 19.88 | 163.90 | 113.42 | 176.06 | 156.5 | 103 | 161 | − 62.63 | − 58 |
KSÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi | 2014–2020 | 260 | 213 | 147 | 81.92 | 56.54 | 121.94 | 113.50 | 131.85 | 101 | 91 | 128 | − 18.34 | − 37 |
KTÜ SBE SBD | 2016–2020 | 93 | 92 | 30 | 98.92 | 32.26 | 172.59 | 115.45 | 198.89 | 147 | 99 | 181 | − 83.44 | − 82 |
Karen Kar. Ar. Ens. Dergisi | 2018–2020 | 54 | 54 | 15 | 100 | 27.78 | 68.94 | 35.13 | 81.95 | 55 | 22 | 77 | − 46.82 | − 55 |
Kocaeli Üni. SBD | 2014–2018 | 100 | 32 | 53 | 32 | 53 | 113.00 | 95.00 | 128.88 | 90 | 90 | 95 | − 33.88 | − 5 |
Marmara Üni. İkt. ve İd. Bil. Der | 2014–2020 | 208 | 33 | 84 | 15.86 | 40.38 | 122.91 | 113.08 | 128.52 | 96 | 86 | 96 | − 15.44 | − 10 |
Marmara Üni. Siyasal Bil. Dergisi | 2016–2018 | 141 | 78 | 46 | 55.32 | 32.62 | 126.87 | 97.32 | 143.42 | 102 | 90 | 128.5 | − 46.10 | − 38.5 |
Mustafa Kemal Üni. SBED (*) | 2014–2016 | 262 | 16 | 54 | 6.11 | 20.61 | 210.44 | 204.67 | 211.77 | 197.5 | 196 | 199 | − 7.10 | − 3 |
Nevşehir HBV Üni. SBED (*) | 2018–2020 | 109 | 109 | 43 | 100 | 39.45 | 134.78 | 111.47 | 149.97 | 127 | 105 | 135.5 | − 38.50 | − 30.5 |
Ömer Halisdemir Üni. IIBF Dergisi | 2019–2020 | 101 | 101 | 22 | 100 | 21.78 | 147.41 | 126.14 | 153.33 | 120 | 106 | 136 | − 27.19 | − 30 |
Öneri | 2014–2020 | 206 | 89 | 81 | 43.2 | 39.32 | 113.15 | 102.07 | 118.78 | 88 | 76 | 91 | − 16.71 | − 15 |
Optimum Ek.ve Yön. Bil. Der. (*) | 2017–2020 | 81 | 80 | 12 | 98.76 | 14.81 | 77.29 | 78.91 | 77.03 | 70 | 75 | 70 | 1.88 | 5 |
Pamukkale Üni. SBED | 2014–2020 | 414 | 290 | 90 | 70.04 | 21.74 | 107.32 | 71.66 | 116.74 | 77.5 | 61 | 100 | − 45.08 | − 39 |
Selçuk Üni. SBED | 2014–2020 | 391 | 307 | 191 | 78.52 | 48.85 | 94.87 | 94.45 | 95.26 | 59 | 44.5 | 67 | − 0.81 | − 22.5 |
Selçuk Üni. Sos. Bil. MYO Der | 2017–2020 | 174 | 172 | 52 | 98.85 | 29.88 | 101.54 | 77.96 | 111.20 | 80 | 57.5 | 93 | − 33.24 | − 35.5 |
Siyasal: Journal of Political Science | 2015–2020 | 79 | 65 | 13 | 82.28 | 16.45 | 182.85 | 128.31 | 196.48 | 163 | 72 | 199 | − 68.17 | − 127 |
Sosyal Bilimler Araş. Dergisi | 2014–2020 | 302 | 258 | 129 | 85.43 | 42.71 | 89.53 | 92.16 | 87.87 | 71 | 75 | 67 | 4.29 | 8 |
Sosyal Siyaset Konf. Dergisi | 2017–2020 | 79 | 79 | 17 | 100 | 21.52 | 85.09 | 74.47 | 88.00 | 70 | 58 | 75 | − 13.53 | − 17 |
SDÜ FEF Sos. Bil. Dergisi | 2014–2020 | 282 | 144 | 106 | 51.06 | 37.59 | 101.24 | 99.14 | 102.32 | 83.5 | 74 | 92 | − 3.17 | − 18 |
SDÜ Vizyoner Dergisi | 2017–2020 | 184 | 184 | 87 | 100 | 47.28 | 85.86 | 73.05 | 97.35 | 75.5 | 59 | 91 | − 24.30 | − 32 |
Trakya Üni. Balkan Arş. Ens. Der | 2014–2020 | 88 | 52 | 26 | 59.09 | 29.55 | 109.67 | 99.70 | 112.05 | 68 | 54.5 | 68 | − 12.35 | − 13.5 |
Trakya Üniversitesi SBD | 2014–2020 | 333 | 251 | 117 | 75.37 | 35.13 | 192.67 | 161.59 | 210.66 | 170 | 136.5 | 186 | − 49.07 | − 49.5 |
Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalış. Dergisi | 2018–2020 | 41 | 41 | 5 | 100 | 12.2 | 102.12 | 73.20 | 106.14 | 84 | 68 | 86 | − 32.94 | − 18 |
Uludağ Üni. FEF SBD | 2014–2020 | 206 | 150 | 108 | 72.81 | 52.42 | 82.60 | 82.27 | 82.86 | 90 | 90 | 90 | − 0.58 | − 0 |
Uluslararası Ek. ve Yeni. Dergisi | 2018–2020 | 51 | 51 | 11 | 100 | 21.57 | 79.22 | 71.73 | 81.28 | 51 | 51 | 52.5 | − 9.55 | − 1.5 |
Uluslararası İkt. ve İdari İnc. Der | 2014–2020 | 538 | 465 | 78 | 86.43 | 14.5 | 93.13 | 91.01 | 93.49 | 73 | 69 | 74 | − 2.47 | − 5 |
Uluslararası Yön. İkt. ve İşl. Der | 2014–2020 | 538 | 271 | 56 | 50.37 | 10.41 | 193.09 | 98.35 | 198.60 | 180 | 58 | 185.5 | − 100.3 | − 127.5 |
Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi | 2014–2020 | 257 | 57 | 58 | 22.18 | 22.57 | 152.86 | 163.65 | 163.65 | 116 | 118.5 | 118.5 | 0 | 0 |
Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araş. Der. (*) | 2014–2020 | 475 | 100 | 64 | 21.05 | 13.47 | 164.25 | 151.83 | 165.94 | 157 | 138 | 164.5 | − 14.11 | − 26.5 |
Yönetim ve Ekonomi: CBÜ IIBF D | 2014–2020 | 310 | 259 | 75 | 83.55 | 24.19 | 239.70 | 195.21 | 255.54 | 220 | 164 | 246 | − 60.34 | − 82 |
YYÜ SBED | 2018–2020 | 329 | 329 | 157 | 100 | 47.72 | 56.26 | 50.14 | 61.84 | 40 | 36 | 43 | − 11.70 | − 7 |
Total | 16,575 | 11,839 | 4938 | 71.42 | 29.79 | 142 | 113.15 | 154.66 | 112 | 84 | 120 | − 41.5 | − 36 | |
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Tutuncu, L., Yucedogru, R. & Sarisoy, I. Academic favoritism at work: insider bias in Turkish national journals. Scientometrics 127, 2547–2576 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-022-04355-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-022-04355-0