Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

TB-SnW: Trust-based Spray-and-Wait routing for delay-tolerant networks

  • Published:
The Journal of Supercomputing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Unlike the conventional routing techniques in Internet where routing privileges are given to trustworthy and fully authenticated nodes, delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) allow any node to participate in routing due to the lack of consistent infrastructure and central administration. This creates new security issues since even authorized nodes in DTNs could inject several malicious threats into the network. This paper investigates the problem of mitigating blackhole attacks in DTNs based on the Spray-and-Wait routing protocol. A new knowledge-based routing scheme, called Trust-Based Spray-and-Wait protocol (TB-SnW), is designed based on distributed trust management. Each node maintains the trust levels for encountered nodes based on the message exchange history, and uses the trust levels to smartly distribute message copies to bypass blackhole attackers. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared with Spray-and-Wait, TB-SnW can achieve higher message delivery rate with very low communication overhead in DTNs that suffer from blackhole attacks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. The opportunistic network environment simulator. URL http://www.netlab.tkk.fi/tutkimus/dtn/theone/

  2. Aysha Al Hinai HZ, Chen Y (2012) Mitigating blackhole attacks in delay tolerant networks. In: Proceeding of the 13th international conference on parallel and distributed computing, applications and technologies (PDCAT)

  3. Baruch A, Reza C, David H, Cristina NR (2004) Mitigating byzantine attacks in ad hoc wireless networks. Tech. rep., Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University

  4. Burgess J, Bissias GD, Corner MD, Levine BN (2007) Surviving attacks on disruption-tolerant networks without authentication. Proceedings of the 8th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing., MobiHoc ’07ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp 61–70

  5. Chen IR, Bao F, Chang M, Cho JH (2010) Trust management for encounter-based routing in delay tolerant networks. In: Proceeding of IEEE the global telecommunications conference (GLOBECOM)

  6. Cheng PC, Lee KC, Gerla M, Härri J (2010) GeoDTN+Nav: geographic DTN routing with navigator prediction for urban vehicular environments. Mobile Netw Appl 15:61–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Chuah M, Yang P, Han J (2007) A ferry-based intrusion detection scheme for sparsely connected ad hoc networks. In: Proceedings of the 2007 fourth annual international conference on mobile and ubiquitous systems: networking&services (MobiQuitous), pp 1–8

  8. Grasic S, Davies E, Lindgren A, Doria A (2011) The evolution of a dtn routing protocol-prophetv2. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM workshop on challenged, networks, pp 27–30

  9. Harras KA, Almeroth KC, Belding-Royer EM (2005) Delay tolerant mobile networks (DTMNs): controlled flooding in sparse mobile networks. In: Proceedings of the 4th IFIP-TC6 international conference on networking technologies, services, and protocols, pp 1180–1192

  10. Huang YA, Lee W (2003) A cooperative intrusion detection system for ad hoc networks. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Security of ad hoc and sensor networks, New York, NY, USA, pp 135–147

  11. Jones EPC, Li L, Schmidtke JK, Ward PAS (2007) Practical routing in delay-tolerant networks. IEEE Trans Mobile Comput 6(8):943–959

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Juang P, Oki H, Wang Y, Martonosi M, Peh LS, Rubenstein D (2002) Energy-efficient computing for wildlife tracking: design tradeoffs and early experiences with zebranet. In: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on architectural support for programming languages and operating systems, pp 96–107

  13. Li F, Wu J, Srinivasan A Thwarting blackhole attacks in disruption-tolerant networks using encounter tickets. In: Proceeding of IEEE INFOCOM, pp 2428–243

  14. Lindgren A, Doria A, Schelén O (2003) Probabilistic routing in intermittently connected networks. SIGMOBILE Mob Comput Commun Rev, pp 19–20

  15. Scott J, Gass R, Crowcroft J, Hui P, Diot C, Chaintreau A (2009) CRAWDAD trace cambridge/haggle/imote/infocom2006 (v. 2009-05-29). Downloaded from http://crawdad.cs.dartmouth.edu/cambridge/haggle/imote/infocom2006

  16. Thrasyvoulos S, Konstantinos P, Raghavendra Cauligi S(2005) Spray and wait: an efficient routing scheme for intermittently connected mobile networks. In: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on delay-tolerant networking, pp 252–259

  17. Vahdat A, Becker D (2000) Epidemic routing for partially connected ad hoc networks. Tech. rep., Department of Computer Science, Duke University

  18. Wu X, Chen Y, Xu M, Peng W (2012) TAFR: a TTL-aware Message Ferry Scheme in DTN. In: Proceeding of the fourth international conference on computational and information sciences (ICCIS), pp 1380–1383

  19. Wu Y, Deng S, Huang H (2013) Evaluating the impact of selfish behaviors on epidemic forwarding in mobile social networks. J Stat Mech Theory Exp 02:1026–1028

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

    Aysha Al-Hinai, Haibo Zhang & Yawen Chen

  2. School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China

    Yidong Li

Authors
  1. Aysha Al-Hinai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Haibo Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yawen Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yidong Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haibo Zhang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Al-Hinai, A., Zhang, H., Chen, Y. et al. TB-SnW: Trust-based Spray-and-Wait routing for delay-tolerant networks. J Supercomput 69, 593–609 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-014-1095-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-014-1095-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation