Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Power saving with CoMP transmission for densely deployed small cell networks

  • Published:
The Journal of Supercomputing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Small cell base stations (SBSs) are being developed as a way of expanding the coverage of cellular networks. However, the power consumption of small cell networks has become an acute problem. To mitigate this problem, we propose a new power-saving scheme based on coordinate multi-point (CoMP) transmission for densely deployed small cell networks. This scheme turns off lightly loaded SBSs and switches their users to the cooperative clusters formed by their neighbor SBSs. The cooperative clusters adopt the virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology to serve the users in the switched-off SBSs. To achieve high power-efficiency, we first model the power consumption of all the SBSs by considering the quality of service of users in the switched-off SBSs and then provide in-depth proofs and analysis according to characteristics of small cell networks. Our extensive simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves system power-saving efficiency significantly.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Total small cell will grow from 85.1 million in 2016 to 526.2 million by 2021 [7].

References

  1. He Y, Cheng X, Peng W (2015) A survey of energy harvesting communications: models and offline optimal policies. IEEE Wirel Commun Mag 53:83–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Mao Y, Luo Y, Zhang J (2015) Energy harvesting small cell networks: feasibility, deployment, and operation. IEEE Wirel Commun Mag 53:98–105

    Google Scholar 

  3. Chang C-Y, Ho K-L, Liao W (2014) Capacity maximization of energy-harvesting small cells with dynamic sleep mode operation in heterogeneous networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE ICC, pp 2690–2694

  4. 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP); Technical specification group radio access network; scenarios and requirements for small cell enhancements for E-UTRA and E-UTRAN (Release 12), 3GPP, R 36.932 v12.1.0 (2013)

  5. Andrews JG, Claussen H, Dohler M (2012) Femtocells: past, present, and future. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 30:497–508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Auer G, Giannini V, Desset C (2011) How much energy is needed to run a wireless networks? In: Proceedings of IEEE WCNC, pp 40–49

  7. Index Cisco Visual Networking (2017) Global mobile data traffic forecast update, 2016–2021. White Paper, Cisco

  8. Li Y, Celebi H, Daneshmand M (2013) Energy-efficient femtocell networks: challenges and opportunities. IEEE Wirel Commun Mag 20:99–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Liu M, Cao J, Zheng Y et al (2008) An energy-efficient protocol for data gathering and aggregation in wireless sensor networks. J Supercomput 43:107–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhang Z, Zhang H, Zhao Z (2013) Low complexity energy-efficient resource allocation in down-link dense femtocell networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE PIMRC, pp 1650–1654

  11. Dudnikova A, Panna D (2013) An energy saving approach for femtocell coverage function. In: Proceedings of IEEE SSEEGN, pp 7–12

  12. Le LB, Niyato D, Hossain E et al (2013) QoS-aware and energy-efficient resource management in OFDMA femtocells. Proc IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 12:180–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ashraf I, Ho LTW, Claussen H (2010) Improving energy efficiency of femtocell base stations via user activity detection. In: Proceedings of IEEE WCNC, pp 1–5

  14. Li Y, Jia Y, Wang Y (2013) Collaborative sleeping scheme for femtocell networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE GreenCom, pp 142–147

  15. Lin M, Silvestri S, Bartolini N et al (2016) On selective activation in dense femtocell networks. Proc IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 15:7018–7029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Nabuuma H, Alsusa E, Pramudito W (2014) A load-aware base station switch-off technique for enhanced energy efficiency and relatively identical outage probability. In: Proceedings of IEEE Globecom, pp 1–5

  17. Kim J, Jeon WS (2015) Effect of base station-sleeping ratio on energy efficiency in densely deployed femtocell networks. IEEE Commun Lett 19:1–5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Celebi H, Maxemchuk N, Li Y (2013) Energy reduction in small cell networks by a random on/off strategy. In: Proceedings of IEEE Globecom, pp 176–181

  19. Yu B, Cheng X, Yang L (2013) Energy saving analysis and evaluation in the enhanced local area architecture. In: Proceedings of IEEE ICC, pp 1205–1209

  20. Li Y-NR, Li J, Wu H (2014) Energy efficient small cell operation under ultra dense cloud radio access networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE Globecom, pp 1120–1125

  21. Mugume E, Daniel KC (2015) Sleep mode mechanisms in dense small cell networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE ICC, pp 192–197

  22. Vereecken W, Haratcherev I, Deruyck M (2012) The effect of variable wake up time on the utilization of sleep modes in femtocell mobile access networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE WONS, pp 63–66

  23. Lee D, Seo H, Clerckx B (2012) Coordinated multipoint transmission and reception in LTE-advanced: deployment scenarios and operational challenges. IEEE Commun Mag 50:148–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Bassoy S, Farooq H, Imran MA et al (2017) Coordinated multi-point clustering schemes: a survey. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 19:743–764

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Ge X, Jin H, Cheng J et al (2016) On fair resource sharing in downlink coordinated multi-point systems. IEEE Commun Lett 20:1235–1238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Fu S, Wen H, Wu J et al (2017) Energy-efficient precoded coordinated multi-point transmission with pricing power game mechanism. IEEE Syst J 11:578–587

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Sundaresan K, Arslan MY, Singh S (2013) FluidNet: a flexible cloud-based radio access network for small cells. In: Proceedings of ACM MobiCom, pp 99–110

  28. Han S, Yang C, Wang G et al (2011) On the energy efficiency of base station sleeping with multicell cooperative transmission. In: Proceedings of IEEE PIMRC, pp 1536–1540

  29. Wang Y, Liang B, Xu Y (2016) A two-stage rank selection scheme in downlink CoMP transmission networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE ICC, pp 1–6

  30. Li Y, Ma Y, Wang Y, Zhao W (2013) Base station sleeping with dynamical clustering strategy of CoMP in LTE-advanced. In: Proceedings of IEEE GreenCom-iThings-CPSCom, pp 157–162

  31. Zhao L, Zhang X, Han Y (2018) Power savings with CoMP technology in cellular networks. In: IEEE International Conference on Big Data and Smart Computing, pp 1–7

  32. He A, Liu D, Chen Y, Zhang T (2014) Stochastic geometry analysis of energy efficiency in HetNets with combined CoMP and BS sleeping. In: Proceedings of IEEE PIMRC, pp 1798–1802

  33. Francesco P, Bennis M, Saad W (2012) On the dynamic formation of cooperative multipoint transmissions in small cell networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE Globecom, pp 1139–1144

  34. Zhang Q, Zhu X, Wu L (2013) A coloring-based resource allocation for OFDMA femtocell networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE WCNC, pp 673–678

  35. Li Y, Feng Z, Xu D (2011) Automated optimal configuring of femtocell base stations parameters in enterprise femtocell network. In: Proceedings of IEEE Globecom, pp 1–5

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported in part by the Key Program of NSFC-Tongyong Union Foundation under Grant U1636209, the 111 Project under Grant B08038. Kang G Shin’s time on this paper was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation under Grant CNS-1160775.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Xidian University, Xi’an, China

    Linjing Zhao, Xiaonan Zhang & Ying Han

  2. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

    Kang G. Shin

Authors
  1. Linjing Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xiaonan Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ying Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kang G. Shin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Linjing Zhao.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhao, L., Zhang, X., Han, Y. et al. Power saving with CoMP transmission for densely deployed small cell networks. J Supercomput 76, 8021–8039 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2476-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2476-5

Keywords