Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Korean language math-to-speech rules for digital books for people with reading disabilities and their usability evaluation

  • Published:
The Journal of Supercomputing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although Digital Accessible Information System, an international digital talking book standard, is conducting active research on upper level education for people with reading disabilities, special components like images or formulas are difficult to read aloud in Korean. Therefore, this paper defines Korean math-to-speech rules for Contents Mathematical Markup Language based on the formulas used in the Korean middle school and high school freshman curriculum. Based on the proposed rules, a program that turns formulas expressed in Contents Mathematical Markup Language into speech was also designed through Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations. Finally, a performance test was conducted to determine both the accuracy of the transformed formulas and the clarity of formulas when read aloud.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lee KH, Lee TE, Lee JW, Lim SB (2013) A design of mobile e-book viewer interface for the reading disabled people. J Korea Multimed Soc 16(1):100–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Park JH, Lee KH, Lee JW, Lim SB (2015) Design of voice annotation system to enhance the quality of life for visually-impaired readers. Asian Int J Life Sc, ASIA LIFE SCI Suppl 11:109–121

    Google Scholar 

  3. Seo SH, Lee JW, Lim SB (2012) A reading technique of math expression in e-book for reading-disabled people. J HCI Soc Korea 7(2):57–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. W3C, Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0 2nd Edition, 2014

  5. W3C, XSLT Specification, Available: https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt Accessed 30 March 2018

  6. DAISY Consortium (2005) Specifications for the Digital Talking Book, ANSI/NISO Z39.86–2005

  7. Neil Soiffer (2015) Browser-independent accessible math, in Proceeding of W4A 2015, Article No. 28

  8. gh-MathSpeak. MathSpeak Core Specification Grammar rules, Available: http://www.gh-mathspeak.com/examples/grammar-rules/ Accessed 15 March 2018

  9. MathGenie, MathGenie, Available: http://www.mathgenie.com/ Accessed 15 March 2018

  10. Wiris, MathType, Available: http://www.wiris.com/mathtype Accessed 25 May 2020

  11. Davide C, Peter K, Volke S (2016) New accessibility features. J Technol Persons Disabil 4:167–175

    Google Scholar 

  12. Dumkasem K, Srisingchai P, Rattanatamrong P (2019) EyeMath: Increasing Accessibility of Mathematics to Visually Impaired Readers, In: Proceeding of 2019 23rd International Computer Science and Engineering Conference (ICSEC), pp. 197–202

  13. Kacorri H, Riga P, Kouroupetroglou G (2014) EAR-Math: Evaluation of Audio Rendered Mathematics, In: Proceeding of UAHCI 2014: Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Universal Access to Information and Knowledge, pp. 111–120

  14. Fitzpatrick D (1999) Towards Accessible Technical Documents: Production of Speech and Braille Output from Formatted Documents. Doctoral dissertation, Dublin City University

  15. Yamaguchi K, Suzuki M (2010) On necessity of a new method to read out math contents properly in DAISY, In Proceeding of International Conference on Computers for Handicapped Persons 2010(ICCHP), 415–422

  16. Wongkia W, Naruedomkul K, Cercone N (2009) Better Access to Math for Visually Impaired, In Proceeding of 2009 IEEE Toronto International Conference Science and Technology for Humanity , 43–48

  17. Salamonczyk A, Brzostek-Pawlowska J (2015) Translation of MathML formulas to Polish text, example applications in teaching the blind in Proceeding of IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cybernetics (CYBCONF), 240–244

  18. W3C, SSML Specification, Available: http://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis/ (accessed March, 15, 2018)

  19. Tullis T, Alvert B (2009) Measuring user experience. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2018R1A4A1025559).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of IT Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea

    Joo Hyun Park, Jong-Woo Lee & Soon-Bum Lim

  2. Division of Computer Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul, Korea

    Jong-Seok Um

  3. Department of Rehabilitation Technology, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan, Korea

    Juhye Yook

  4. Department of IT Convergence, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan, Korea

    Kwangki Kim

Authors
  1. Joo Hyun Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jong-Woo Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jong-Seok Um
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  4. Juhye Yook
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kwangki Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  6. Soon-Bum Lim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Soon-Bum Lim.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Park, J.H., Lee, JW., Um, JS. et al. Korean language math-to-speech rules for digital books for people with reading disabilities and their usability evaluation. J Supercomput 77, 6381–6407 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-020-03519-0

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-020-03519-0

Keywords