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Scalable blockchain storage mechanism based on two-layer structure and improved distributed consensus

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Abstract

Existing public blockchain architectures suffer from the difficulty of scaling to support large-scale networks with high TPS, low latency and security. Using the idea of network fragmentation, an improved Raft-based PBFT consensus mechanism is proposed to solve the problem. The network nodes are grouped, and the group adopts the improved Raft mechanism for consensus, and then, the leaders elected in each group form the network committee, and the network committee uses the PBFT mechanism for consensus within the network committee. The results show that R-PBFT is more scalable than PBFT and Raft in a large-scale network environment because it can guarantee high consensus efficiency while having Byzantine fault tolerance; similarly, to improve the fairness between user experience and TPS in blockchain systems, based on the transaction fairness model, a fairness packing algorithm is proposed for storing transactions. It is based on a two-level model, firstly sorting the transactions in descending order based on GasPrice, moreover considering the fairness model for descending order. The experimental confirmed that all the performance of fairness packing is superior to Ethereum packing.

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Acknowledgements

The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (NSF) under grants (No. 61873341, 62171330), Key Research and Development Plan of Hubei Province (No. 2020BAB102), Open project of CAAC Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Wide Surveillance and Safety Operation Management & Control Technology (No.202001), Open Research Fund Program of Data Recovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (Grant No. DRX2001). Any opinions, findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the above agencies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CAAC Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Wide Survellence and Safety Operation Management & Control Technology, Tianjin, China

    Chunlin Li

  2. School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China

    Chunlin Li & Jing Zhang

  3. Data Recovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Mathematics and Information Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, People’s Republic of China

    Xianmin Yang

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  1. Chunlin Li
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  2. Jing Zhang
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  3. Xianmin Yang
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Correspondence to Chunlin Li.

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Li, C., Zhang, J. & Yang, X. Scalable blockchain storage mechanism based on two-layer structure and improved distributed consensus. J Supercomput 78, 4850–4881 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-021-04061-3

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