Abstract
An increase in network system size increases the risk of node failure in a system. To maintain the reliability of the system, the faulty nodes need to be repaired or replaced with additional nodes, which implies that the approach of locating the faulty nodes in the system is a research topic of great significance. There are various kinds of diagnosis strategies, such as the t-diagnosis strategy, t/s-diagnosis strategy, t/t-diagnosis strategy and t/k-diagnosis strategy. When we use the t/s-diagnosis strategy to identify faulty nodes, some fault-free nodes may be identified as faulty nodes. In addition, the choice of the specific diagnosis model to identify faulty nodes is important; the Preparata, Metze and Chen (PMC) model is widely used. In this paper, we study the t/s-diagnosability of the k-ary n-cube under the PMC model. First, we obtain several structural properties of k-ary n-cubes. Then, we use these properties and determine that the 3-ary n-cube is \(\eta /\eta +h-1\)-diagnosable, where \(n\geqslant 2\), \(1\leqslant h\leqslant n-1\) and \(2hn-3(h-1)-\frac{(h-1)(h-2)}{2}-1<\eta \leqslant 2(h+1)n-3h-\frac{h(h-1)}{2}-1\), and that the k-ary n-cube is \(\eta /\eta +h-1\)-diagnosable, where \(k\geqslant 4\), \(n\geqslant 2\), \({1\leqslant h\leqslant n-1}\) and \(2hn-2(h-1)-\frac{(h-1)(h-2)}{2}-1<\eta \leqslant 2(h+1)n-2h-\frac{h(h-1)}{2}-1\).
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
02 December 2021
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-021-04228-y
References
Preparata FP, Metze G, Chien RT (1967) On the connection assignment problem of diagnosable systems. IEEE Trans Electron Comput 16(6):848–854
Peng SL, Lin CK, Hsu LH, Tan JJM (2012) The \(g\)-good-neighbor conditional diagnosability of hypercube under PMC model. Appl Math Comput 218(21):10406–10412
Chang NW, Hsieh SY (2012) Conditional diagnosability of Augmented cubes under the PMC model. IEEE Trans Dependable Secure Comput 9(1):46–60
Lai PL, Tan JJM, Chang CP, Hsu LH (2005) Conditional diagnosability measures for large multiprocessor systems. IEEE Trans Comput 54(2):165–175
Yuan J, Liu AX, Ma X, Liu XL, Qin X, Zhang JF (2015) The \(g\)-good-neighbor conditional diagnosability of \(k\)-ary \(n\)-cubes under the PMC model and MM* model. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 26(4):1165–1177
Zhu Q, Guo GD, Wang DJ (2014) Relating diagnosability, strong diagnosability and conditional diagnosability of strong networks. IEEE Trans Comput 41(11):1386–1396
Yang X, Tang YY (2007) Efficient fault identification of diagnosable systems under the comparison model. IEEE Trans Comput 56(12):1612–1618
Hsieh SY, Chen YS (2008) Strongly diagnosable product networks under the comparison diagnosis model. IEEE Trans Comput 57(6):721–732
Lai PL (2012) A systematic algorithm for identifying faults on hypercube-like networks under the comparison model. IEEE Trans Reliab 61(2):452–459
Zheng J, Latifi S, Regentova E, Luo K, Wu X (2005) Diagnosability of star graphs under the comparison diagnosis model. Inf Process Lett 93(1):29–36
Ye TL, Hsieh SY (2013) A scalable comparison-based diagnosis algorithm for hypercube-like networks. IEEE Trans Reliab 62(4):789–799
Hozumi S, Yamada T (2009) On sequential diagnosability of 2-dimensional meshes and tori. In: 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp 2926–2929
Yamada T, Ohtsuka T, Watanabe A, Ueno S (2005) On sequential diagnosis of multiprocessor systems. Discrete Appl Math 146(3):311–342
Kuo CL, Yang MJ, Chang YM, Yeh YM (2012) High diagnosability of a sequential diagnosis algorithm in hypercubes under the PMC model. J Supercomput 61(3):1116–1134
Zhao J, Meyer FJ, Park N, Lombardi F (2004) Sequential diagnosis of processor array systems. IEEE Trans Reliab 53(4):487–498
Zhao H, Sun S, Jin B (2018) Sequential fault diagnosis based on LSTM neural network. IEEE Access 6:12929–12939
Chen C, Chang G, Hsieh SY (2015) Conditional \((t, k)\)-diagnosis in graphs by using the comparison diagnosis model. IEEE Trans Comput 64(6):1622–1632
Friedman AD (1975) A new measure of digital system diagnosis. In: Dig International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing, pp 167–170
Tsai CH, Chen JC (2013) Fault isolation and identification in general biswapped networks under the PMC diagnostic model. Theoret Comput Sci 501:62–71
Wang XK, Zhu Q, Feng RT (2012) The diagnosability of the \(k\)-ary \(n\)-cubes using the pessimistic strategy. Int J Comput Math 89(1):1–10
Chen CA, Hsieh SY (2013) \(t/t\)-Diagnosability of regular graphs under the PMC model. ACM Trans Des Automat Electron Syst 18(2):1–13
Liang J, Zhang Q, Li H (2017) Structural properties and \(t/s\)-diagnosis for star networks based on the PMC model. IEEE Access 5:26175–26183
Liang J, Zhang Q (2017) The \(t/s\)-diagnosability of hypercube networks under the PMC and comparison models. IEEE Access 5:5340–5346
Somani AK, Peleg O (1996) On diagnosability of large fault sets in regular topology-based computer systems. IEEE IEEE Trans Comput 45(8):892–903
Fan JX, Lin XL (2005) The \(t/k\)-diagnosability of the BC graphs. IEEE Trans Comput 54(2):176–184
Lin L, Xu L, Zhou S, Hsieh S (2016) The \(t/k\)-diagnosability for regular networks. IEEE Trans Comput 65(10):3157–3170
Barsi F, Grandoni F, Masetrini P (1967) A theory of diagnosability of digital systems. IEEE Trans Comput 25(6):585–593
Albini L, Chessa S, Maestrini P (2004) Diagnosis of symmetric graphs under the BGM model. Comput J 47(1):85–92
Malek M (1980) A comparison connection assignment for diagnosis of multiprocessors systems. In: Proceedings of the 7th Annual Symposium on Computer Architecture, pp 31–36
Chang N, Deng W, Hsieh S (2015) Conditional diagnosability of \((n, k)\)-star networks under the comparison diagnosis model. IEEE Trans Reliab 64(1):132–143
Wei C, Chen C, Hsieh S (2018) Conditional \((t, k)\)-diagnosis in regular and irregular graphs under the comparison diagnosis model. IEEE Trans Dependable Secure Comput 15(2):351–356
Chen C, Chang G, Hsieh S (2015) Conditional \((t, k)\)-diagnosis in graphs by using the comparison diagnosis model. IEEE Trans Comput 64(6):1622–1632
Wang R, Zhu Q (2017) The \(h\)-extra conditional diagnosability of burnt pancake networks under the PMC model. In: 2017 First International Conference on Electronics Instrumentation Information Systems (EIIS), pp 1–6
Lin C, Kung T, Tan JJM (2011) Conditional-fault diagnosability of multiprocessor systems with an efficient local diagnosis algorithm under the PMC model. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 22(10):1669–1680
Yin W, Liang J (2020) The \(G\)-good-neighbor local diagnosability of a hypercube network under the PMC model. IEEE Access 8:33998–34007
Chang NW, Hsieh SY (2020) Conditional diagnosability of alternating group networks under the PMC model. IEEE/ACM Trans Network 28(5):1968–1980
Lian G, Zhou S, Hsieh SY, Chen G, Liu J, Gu Z (2020) Characterization of diagnosabilities on the bounded PMC model. Comput J 63(1):1397–1405
Chang N, Hsieh S (2018) Conditional diagnosability of \((n, k)\)-star graphs under the PMC model. IEEE Trans Dependable Secure Comput 15(2):207–216
Chang N, Hsieh S (2014) Structural properties and conditional diagnosability of star graphs by using the PMC model. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 25(11):3002–3011
Liu JF, Zhou SM, Gu ZD, Zhou QR, Wang DJ (2021) Fault diagnosability of Bicube networks under the PMC diagnostic mode. Theoret Comput Sci 851:14–23
Lin LM, Huang YZ, Xu L, Hsieh SY (2021) A pessimistic fault diagnosability of large-scale connected networks via extra connectivity. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 33(2):415–428
Wei YL, Xu M (2021) Conditional diagnosability of Cayley graphs generated by wheel graphs under the PMC model. Theoret Comput Sci 849:163–172
Wang F, Zhao W (2019) One-to-one disjoint path covers in hypercubes with faulty edges. J Supercomput 75(8):5583–5595
Fan WB, Fan JX, Lin CK, Wang GJ, Cheng BL (2019) An efficient algorithm for embedding exchanged hypercubes into grids. J Supercomput 75(2):783–807
Lu HZ (2019) Paired many-to-many two-disjoint path cover of balanced hypercubes with faulty edges. J Supercomput 75(1):400–424
Yang Y, Li X, Li J (2021) Structure fault tolerance of balanced hypercubes. J Supercomput 77(4):3885–3898
Yuan J, Liu AX, Qin X, Zhang JF, Li J (2016) \(g\)-Good-neighbor conditional diagnosability measures for 3-ary \(n\)-cube networks. Theoret Comput Sci 626:144–162
Lv YL, Fan JX, Hsu DF, Lin CK (2018) Structure connectivity and substructure connectivity of \(k\) -ary \(n\)-cube networks. Inf Sci 433:115–124
Liu AX, Wang SY, Yuan J, Ma X (2019) The \(h\)-extra connectivity of \(k\)-ary \(n\)-cubes. Theoret Comput Sci 784:21–45
Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61862003 and No. 61761006, and in part by the Natural Science Foundation of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China under Grant No. 2018GXNSFDA281052.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
The original online version of this article was revised: The Acknowledgements section was missing from this article.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xie, Y., Liang, J., Yin, W. et al. The properties and t/s-diagnosability of k-ary n-cube networks. J Supercomput 78, 7038–7057 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-021-04155-y
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-021-04155-y