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LETHOR: a thermal-aware proactive routing algorithm for 3D NoCs with less entrance to hot regions

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Abstract

Although many Dynamic Thermal Management (DTM) techniques are employed to overcome thermal problems in 3D NoCs, none of them consider temperature information of all nodes of a layer at the same time, so that they cannot reduce the temperature of the network properly.To overcome this problem, this paper proposes an efficient proactive thermal-aware routing algorithm, called Less Entrance to Hot Regions (LETHOR), to keep the NoC temperature lower than a predefined thermal limit. LETHOR routes the network packets based on the temperature information of all nodes in the layers instead of considering only the neighbor nodes in each hop. To this aim, LETHOR introduces a Hot Region in each layer based on the gathered temperature information to determine the suitable routing path. Based on the gathered information, LETHOR examines available paths and selects the cooler and less crowded one. Experimental results show that the LETHOR routing algorithm decreases the standard deviation of chip temperature by 13.24–47.40% and the statistical traffic load distribution by 13.62–48.34%, under different traffic patterns. Moreover, the global average delay is reduced by 23.07–44.13% under different traffic patterns compared to the state-of-the-art routing algorithm.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training Univesity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Maede Safari

  2. Department of Computer Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran

    Zahra Shirmohammadi

  3. School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran

    Nezam Rohbani & Hamed Farbeh

  4. Department of Computer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Hamed Farbeh

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  1. Maede Safari
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  2. Zahra Shirmohammadi
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Correspondence to Zahra Shirmohammadi.

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Safari, M., Shirmohammadi, Z., Rohbani, N. et al. LETHOR: a thermal-aware proactive routing algorithm for 3D NoCs with less entrance to hot regions. J Supercomput 78, 1–25 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-021-04207-3

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