Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

A hierarchical congestion control method in clustered internet of things

  • Published:
The Journal of Supercomputing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Internet of things (IoT) is a modern technology where data can be transmitted to any things (human, animal, or object) over communications networks, whether internet or intranet. Congestion occurs when the input data rate to the node was higher than the output data rate of node. Congestion control in computer network modulates traffic entry into a network in order to avoid congestive. This paper suggests a method for congestion control in the internet of things in two phases. The first phase is intra-cluster congestion control, which uses two parameters, congestion score (CS) and buffer empty space (BES), to congestion avoidance. In this phase based on these two parameters, nine states are defined to determine the congestion status of each node, and based on these 9 states the appropriate decision is made to the node. The second phase is inter-cluster congestion control. In this phase, after determining cluster head priority, the parameters of back-off timer (BFT), waiting time to receive acknowledgment \(({\text {WTTR}}_{\text {ACK}})\), sequence number (SEQ) and retransmission counter (RC) are used for congestion control. The proposed congestion control method is simulated by NS-2 software. A comparison between the performance of proposed method and conventional methods shows that applying proposed method results in a significant improvement in average congestion score (CS), packet lost rate, energy consumption and end-to-end delay.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Anani W, Ouda A, Hamou A (2019) A survey of wireless communications for IoT echo-systems. In: 2019 IEEE Canadian Conference of Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE). IEEE, pp 1–6

  2. Din IU, Guizani M, Kim BS, Hassan S, Khan MK (2018) Trust management techniques for the internet of things: a survey. IEEE Access 7:29763–29787

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Sabry SS, Qarabash NA, Obaid HS (2019) The road to the internet of things: a Survey. In: 2019 9th Annual Information Technology, Electromechanical Engineering and Microelectronics Conference (IEMECON). IEEE, pp 290–296

  4. Zhang L, Liang YC, Xiao M (2018) Spectrum sharing for internet of things: a survey. IEEE Wirel Commun 26(3):132–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Li S, Peng S, Liao X, Zhu P, Peng Y (2007) A framework for congestion control for reliable data delivery in wireless sensor networks. In: 2007 10th IFIP/IEEE international symposium on integrated network management. IEEE, pp 793–796

  6. Mishra N, Verma LP, Srivastava PK, Gupta A (2018) An analysis of IoT congestion control policies. Proc Comput Sci 132:444–450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Poddar M, Chaki R, Pal D (2018) Congestion control for IoT using channel trust based approach. In: IFIP International Conference on Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management. Springer, Cham, pp 392–404

  8. Naghibi M, Barati H (2020) EGRPM: Energy efficient geographic routing protocol based on mobile sink in wireless sensor networks. Sustain Comput Inform Syst 25:100377

    Google Scholar 

  9. Qazi IA, Znati T (2011) On the design of load factor based congestion control protocols for next-generation networks. Comput Netw 55(1):45–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Rathod V, Jeppu N, Sastry S, Singala S, Tahiliani MP (2019) CoCoA++: delay gradient based congestion control for internet of things. Future Generation Comput Syst 100:1053–1072

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kim JE, Boulos G, Yackovich J, Barth T, Beckel C, Mosse D (2012) Seamless integration of heterogeneous devices and access control in smart homes. In: 2012 Eighth International Conference on Intelligent Environments. IEEE, pp 206–213

  12. Gubbi J, Buyya R, Marusic S, Palaniswami M (2013) Internet of things (IoT): a vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Futur Gener Comput Syst 29(7):1645–1660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ancillotti E, Bruno R (2017) Comparison of CoAP and CoCoA+ congestion control mechanisms for different IoT application scenarios. In: 2017 IEEE symposium on computers and communications (ISCC). IEEE, pp 1186–1192

  14. Hassan R, Jubair AM, Azmi K, Bakar A (2016) Adaptive congestion control mechanism in CoAP application protocol for internet of things (IoT). In: 2016 International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication (ICSC). IEEE, pp 121–125

  15. Bolettieri S, Tanganelli G, Vallati C, Mingozzi E (2018) pCoCoA: a precise congestion control algorithm for CoAP. Ad Hoc Netw 80:116–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Halim NHB, Yaakob NB, Isa ABAM (2016) Congestion control mechanism for internet-of-things (IOT) paradigm. In: 2016 3rd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED). IEEE, pp 337–341

  17. Betzler A, Gomez C, Demirkol I, Paradells J (2016) CoAP congestion control for the internet of things. IEEE Commun Mag 54(7):154–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Betzler A, Gomez C, Demirkol I, Paradells J (2015) CoCoA+: an advanced congestion control mechanism for CoAP. Ad Hoc Netw 33:126–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Bhalerao R, Subramanian SS, Pasquale J (2016) An analysis and improvement of congestion control in the CoAP internet-of-things protocol. In: 2016 13th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC). IEEE, pp 889–894

  20. Swarna M, Godhavari T (2021) Enhancement of CoAP based congestion control in IoT network-a novel approach. Mater Today Proc 37:775–784

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezfoul, Iran

    Sadaf Mokhtari, Hamid Barati & Ali Barati

Authors
  1. Sadaf Mokhtari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hamid Barati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ali Barati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hamid Barati.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mokhtari, S., Barati, H. & Barati, A. A hierarchical congestion control method in clustered internet of things. J Supercomput 78, 11830–11855 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-022-04340-7

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-022-04340-7

Keywords