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Parallel OpenMP and OpenACC porous media simulation

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Abstract

According to estimates, between 10 and 25% of the grain crop is lost in the post-harvest. The correct drying of the beans is one of the actions to contain this loss. Drying grains is one of the most critical steps in grain processing for its proper conservation after harvest. As the grain mass is a set of solid and empty spaces (holes) through which a fluid can pass, its drying could be considered a problem of the coupled open-porous medium. In this paper, we propose a mathematical and computer simulation model which describes the convection in a free flow with a porous obstacle applied to the grain drying processing. A computational fluid dynamics scheme was implemented in FORTRAN using Finite Volume to simulate and compute the numerical solutions. The code is parallel implemented using OpenMP (loop and teams approach) and OpenACC programming interfaces. We use three case studies with different mesh sizes to evaluate the implementations. As a result, there was a reduction in processing time in the cases. The total simulation time for a multicore architecture (16 physical cores) was 6,14 times less using parallel loops and 8.5 using parallel teams, and 8.38 using a single GPU (Quadro M5000).

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Universidade Federal do Pampa for providing support and technological resources, which have contributed to the development of this project and the results reported within this research.

Funding

This study was partially funded by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS): 07/2021 PqG project No 21/2551-0002055-5, PROBIC and PROBITI programs, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001, and the Federal University of Pampa.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Advances Studies in Computation (LEA), Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Av. Tiarajú 810, Alegrete, RS, 97546-550, Brazil

    Hígor Uélinton da Silva, Natiele Lucca & Claudio Schepke

  2. Laboratório de Fluidodinâmica Computacional e Turbulência Atmosférica (LFCTA), Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Av. Tiarajú, 810, Alegrete, RS, 97546-550, Brazil

    Dalmo Paim de Oliveira & César Flaubiano da Cruz Cristaldo

Authors
  1. Hígor Uélinton da Silva
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  2. Natiele Lucca
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  3. Claudio Schepke
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  4. Dalmo Paim de Oliveira
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  5. César Flaubiano da Cruz Cristaldo
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Contributions

HS and CS wrote the main manuscript text. HS, NL, and CS parallel implemented the application. CS runs the previous performance analysis. NL runs the tests and provides the graphics and the code snippets. HS produces the related work. DDO and CC provide the numerical simulation description, including equations, schematic and numerical output figures, and the algorithm. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Claudio Schepke.

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Silva, H.U.d., Lucca, N., Schepke, C. et al. Parallel OpenMP and OpenACC porous media simulation. J Supercomput 79, 8425–8446 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-022-05004-2

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