Abstract
Smart transportation systems have been the focus of research due to the development of smart cities. However, existing vehicular networks are not sufficient enough to fulfill the vision of futuristic smart cities due to limited flexibility, scalability, poor connection, and insufficient intelligence. These technological hurdles make the role of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) very important to improve the overall performance of the existing vehicular networks considering the unique properties of SDN such as Decoupling of network planes and Real-time network programming. This leads to the development of Software-Defined Vehicular Networks (SDVNs). SDVNs help to realize the development of smart transportation systems which further helps to optimize the vision of truly smart cities. However, the security remains a consistent concern due to the increased mobility, larger attack surface, and improvised future attack vector. This work includes the different design components, and offers a detailed survey to understand different security issues including the architectural and functional ones. Additionally, multiple security solutions are discussed including Service-based, Infrastructure-based, and Application-based solutions. Furthermore, the work also covers the possible challenges in the development of SDVNs based on Improved Architectural Development, Holistic Integration, Effective Orchestration, Environmental Volatility Handling, Global Network Management, Efficient Components/Technologies Integration, Diverse Security Offerings, and Design Issues’ Maintenance. Lastly, the work highlights the resultant opportunities based on Application, Open Research, Network Management, Device Configuration, Traffic Management, QoS, and Efficient Routing.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.
Abbreviations
- SDN:
-
Software-defined networking
- SDVNs:
-
Software-defined vehicular networks
- QoS:
-
Quality of service
- ITS:
-
Intelligent transportation system
- VANET:
-
Vehicular ad hoc network
- IDT:
-
Intelligent digital twin
- RSUs:
-
Road side units
- 5G:
-
Fifth generation
- VN:
-
Vehicular network
- IIoT:
-
Industrial internet of things
- RGA:
-
RSU-based group authentication
- p-CIDS:
-
In private-collaborative intrusion detection system
- 5G-SDVN:
-
5G-enabled SDVN
- SD-DSD:
-
Software-defined dynamic security defense
- VSNs:
-
Vehicular sensor networks
- V2X:
-
Vehicle to everything
- NR:
-
New radio
- VNG:
-
Vehicular neighbor groups
- IoE:
-
Internet of everything
- CPS:
-
Cyber physical system
- V2V:
-
Vehicle-to-vehicle
- V2I:
-
Vehicle-to-infrastructure
References
Celes C, Boukerche A, Loureiro AA (2020) From mobility traces to knowledge: design guidance for intelligent vehicular networks. IEEE Netw 34(4):227–233. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.011.1900499
Jabbarpour MR, Marefat A, Jalooli A, Zarrabi H (2019) Cloud-based vehicular networks: a taxonomy, survey, and conceptual hybrid architecture. Wirel Netw 25(1):335–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1563-5
Menouar H, Guvenc I, Akkaya K, Uluagac AS, Kadri A, Tuncer A (2017) UAV-enabled intelligent transportation systems for the smart city: applications and challenges. IEEE Commun Mag 55(3):22–28. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2017.1600238CM
Lu Z, Qu G, Liu Z (2018) A survey on recent advances in vehicular network security, trust, and privacy. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 20(2):760–776. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2018.2818888
Tang F, Mao B, Kato N, Gui G (2021) Comprehensive survey on machine learning in vehicular network: technology, applications and challenges. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 23(3):2027–2057. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2021.3089688
Agrawal N, Tapaswi S (2021) An SDN-assisted defense mechanism for the shrew DDoS attack in a cloud computing environment. J Netw Syst Manag 29(2):1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-020-09580-7
Bekri W, Jmal R, Chaari Fourati L (2020) Internet of things management based on software defined networking: a survey. Int J Wirel Inf Netw 27:385–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10776-020-00488-2
Kim S (2019) Effective crowdsensing and routing algorithms for next generation vehicular networks. Wirel Netw 25(4):1815–1827. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1632-9
Cardona N, Coronado E, Latré S, Riggio R, Marquez-Barja JM (2020) Software-defined vehicular networking: opportunities and challenges. IEEE Access 8:219971–219995. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3042717
Ge X, Li Z, Li S (2017) 5G software defined vehicular networks. IEEE Commun Mag 55(7):87–93. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2017.1601144
Ferrús R, Koumaras H, Sallent O, Agapiou G, Rasheed T, Kourtis MA, Ahmed T (2016) SDN/NFV-enabled satellite communications networks: opportunities, scenarios and challenges. Phys Commun 18:95–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2015.10.007
Bhatia J, Modi Y, Tanwar S, Bhavsar M (2019) Software defined vehicular networks: a comprehensive review. Int J Commun Syst 32(12):e4005. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4005
Ben Jaballah W, Conti M, Lal C (2019) A survey on software-defined VANETs: benefits, challenges, and future directions. arXiv e-prints, arXiv-1904
Akhunzada A, Khan MK (2017) Toward secure software defined vehicular networks: taxonomy, requirements, and open issues. IEEE Commun Mag 55(7):110–118. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2017.1601158
Islam MM, Khan MTR, Saad MM, Kim D (2021) Software-defined vehicular network (SDVN): a survey on architecture and routing. J Syst Archit. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2020.101961
Lacoste M, Armand D, L’Hereec F, Prévost F, Rafflée Y, Roché S Software-defined vehicular networking security: threats and security opportunities for 5G
Sultana R, Grover J, Tripathi M (2021) Security of SDN-based vehicular ad hoc networks: state-of-the-art and challenges. Veh Commun. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2020.100284
Wang Q, Gao D, Zhu W (2019) Cloud-enabled software-defined vehicular networks: architecture, applications and challenges. J Internet Technol 20(6):1819–1828
Arif M, Wang G, Geman O, Balas VE, Tao P, Brezulianu A, Chen J (2020) Sdn-based vanets, security attacks, applications, and challenges. Appl Sci 10(9):3217. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093217
Qayyum A, Usama M, Qadir J, Al-Fuqaha A (2020) Securing connected & autonomous vehicles: challenges posed by adversarial machine learning and the way forward. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 22(2):998–1026. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2020.2975048
Zhao L, Al-Dubai A, Zomaya AY, Min G, Hawbani A, Li J (2020) Routing schemes in software-defined vehicular networks: design open issues and challenges. IEEE Intell Transp Syst Mag. https://doi.org/10.1109/MITS.2019.2953557
Sadio O, Ngom I, Lishou C (2019) Design and prototyping of a software defined vehicular networking. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 69(1):842–850. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2019.2950426
Zhao L, Han G, Li Z, Shu L (2020) Intelligent digital twin-based software-defined vehicular networks. IEEE Netw 34(5):178–184. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.011.1900587
Cooper C, Franklin D, Ros M, Safaei F, Abolhasan M (2016) A comparative survey of VANET clustering techniques. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 19(1):657–681. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2016.2611524
Deng DJ, Lien SY, Lin CC, Hung SC, Chen WB (2017) Latency control in software-defined mobile-edge vehicular networking. IEEE Commun Mag 55(8):87–93. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2017.1601165
Aljeri N, Boukerche A (2020) A distributed topology discovery protocol for software-defined vehicular networks. In: Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Wireless Ad Hoc, Sensor, & Ubiquitous Networks, pp 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1145/3416011.3424758
Yan X, Dong P, Du X, Zheng T, Sun J, Guizani M (2018) Improving flow delivery with link available time prediction in software-defined high-speed vehicular networks. Comput Netw 145:165–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.08.019
Maity I, Dhiman R, Misra S (2021) MobiPlace: mobility-aware controller placement in software-defined vehicular networks. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 70(1):957–966. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2021.3049678
Jaballah WB, Conti M, Lal C (2020) Security and design requirements for software-defined VANETs. Comput Netw 169:107099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107099
Tanwar S, Vora J, Tyagi S, Kumar N, Obaidat MS (2018) A systematic review on security issues in vehicular ad hoc network. Secur Priv 1(5):e39. https://doi.org/10.1002/spy2.39
Kurugollu F, Ahmed SH, Hussain R, Ahmad F, Kerrache CA (2020) Vehicular sensor networks: applications. Adv Chall Sens 20(13):3686. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20133686
Mendiboure L, Chalouf MA, Krief F (2020) A scalable blockchain-based approach for authentication and access control in software defined vehicular networks. In: 2020 29th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN), pp 1–11. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCN49398.2020.9209661
Xu H, Dong M, Ota K, Wu J, Li J (2019) Toward software defined dynamic defense as a service for 5G-enabled vehicular networks. In: 2019 International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData), pp 880–887. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iThings/GreenCom/CPSCom/SmartData.2019.00158
Nayak RP, Sethi S, Bhoi SK, Mohapatra D, Sahoo RR, Sharma PK, Puthal D (2022) TFMD-SDVN: a trust framework for misbehavior detection in the edge of software-defined vehicular network. J Supercomput. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-021-04227-z
Raut UK, Rawat MK (2020) Secure software defined vehicular network (SDVN). Int J Adv Sci Technol 29(7s):5284–5292
Raja G, Anbalagan S, Vijayaraghavan G, Dhanasekaran P, Al-Otaibi YD, Bashir AK (2020) Energy-efficient end-to-end security for software defined vehicular networks. IEEE Trans Indus Inf. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2020.3012166
Shrestha R, Nam SY, Bajracharya R, Kim S (2020) Evolution of V2X communication and integration of blockchain for security enhancements. Electronics 9(9):1338. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091338
Mikavica B, Kostić-Ljubisavljević A (2021) Blockchain-based solutions for security, privacy, and trust management in vehicular networks: a survey. J Supercomput 77(9):9520–9575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-021-03659-x
de Sousa RS, da Costa FS, Soares AC, Vieira LF, Loureiro AA (2018) Geo-sdvn: a geocast protocol for software defined vehicular networks. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp 1-6. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2018.8422755
Rahouti M, Xiong K, Xin Y (2020) Secure software-defined networking communication systems for smart cities: current status, challenges, and trends. IEEE Access 9:12083–12113. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3047996
Yu Y, Guo L, Liu Y, Zheng J, Zong Y (2018) An efficient SDN-based DDoS attack detection and rapid response platform in vehicular networks. IEEE Access 6:44570–44579. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2854567
He Z, Cao J, Liu X (2016) SDVN: Enabling rapid network innovation for heterogeneous vehicular communication. IEEE Netw 30(4):10–15. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2016.7513858
Huang X, Yu R, Kang J, He Y, Zhang Y (2017) Exploring mobile edge computing for 5G-enabled software defined vehicular networks. IEEE Wirel Commun 24(6):55–63. https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.2017.1600387
Yaqoob I, Ahmad I, Ahmed E, Gani A, Imran M, Guizani N (2017) Overcoming the key challenges to establishing vehicular communication: Is SDN the answer? IEEE Commun Mag 55(7):128–134. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2017.1601183
Chahal M, Harit S, Mishra KK, Sangaiah AK, Zheng Z (2017) A survey on software-defined networking in vehicular ad hoc networks: challenges, applications and use cases. Sustain Cities Soc 35:830–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.07.007
Agrawal N (2021) Dynamic load balancing assisted optimized access control mechanism for edge-fog-cloud network in internet of things environment. Concurr Comput Pract Exp. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.6440
Agrawal N (2021) Autonomic cloud computing based management and security solutions: state-of-the-art, challenges, and opportunities. Trans Emerg Telecommun Technol. https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4349
Zhu M, Cai ZP, Xu M, Cao JN (2015) Software-defined vehicular networks: opportunities and challenges. CRC Press, Energy Science and Applied Technology, pp 247–251
Toufga S, Abdellatif S, Assouane HT, Owezarski P, Villemur T (2020) Towards dynamic controller placement in software defined vehicular networks. Sensors 20(6):1701. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20061701
Zhao L, Bi Z, Lin M, Hawbani A, Shi J, Guan Y (2021) An intelligent fuzzy-based routing scheme for software-defined vehicular networks. Comput Netw 187:107837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2021.107837
Ni Y, He J, Cai L (2017) Data dissemination in software-defined vehicular networks. In: 2017 IEEE 86th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall), pp 1-5. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2017.8288206
Sudheer KK, Ma M, Chong PHJ (2017) Link dynamics based packet routing framework for software defined vehicular networks. In: GLOBECOM 2017-2017 IEEE Global Communications Conference, pp 1-6. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.2017.8254597
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the peer research community for the regular suggestions and criticism.
Funding
There is no funding associated with this article.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
RK has done the conceptualization, methodology, draft writing, figures preparation, and final review. NA has done the draft writing, figures preparation, and final review.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
We, the authors, give our consent for the publication of this work in The Journal of Supercomputing.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, R., Agrawal, N. A survey on software-defined vehicular networks (SDVNs): a security perspective. J Supercomput 79, 8368–8400 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-022-05008-y
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-022-05008-y