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SIMOF: swarm intelligence multi-objective fuzzy thermal-aware routing protocol for WBANs

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Abstract

Wireless body area network (WBAN) is a wireless communication technology which facilitates the medical staff to remotely monitor and provide accurate treatment to patients. Wireless body sensors are resource constrained, and consequently, an efficient routing protocol is vital in the design of these networks. Although many protocols have been presented for the routing in WBANs, sufficient features have not been adequately addressed in these techniques. Moreover, parameters of these protocols are manually set and remain constant in all applications, i.e., no automatic tuning procedure is applied to tune the protocol based on the application requirements. To overcome these drawbacks, we introduce a swarm intelligence multi-objective fuzzy protocol (named SIMOF), as a tunable routing protocol in WBANs. The SIMOF comprises two phases, namely fuzzy inference system (FIS) and automatic rule tuning using whale optimization algorithm (WOA). The FIS utilizes a multi-objective fuzzy inference system based on residual energy, distance, reliability, bandwidth, temperature, path loss, and estimated energy consumption, to select proper relay nodes, considering IEEE 802.15.6 standard. To achieve the best performance in the SIMOF, Mamdani rules of the FIS are automatically tuned using WOA. Simulations over three WBANs demonstrate the superiority of the proposed SIMOF routing protocol against the existing techniques in terms of the stability period, path loss, reliability, and hotspot temperature.

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The data analyzed in this paper are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Pouya Aryai, Ahmad Khademzadeh, Somayyeh Jafarali Jassbi & Mehdi Hosseinzadeh

  2. ICT Research Institute, ITRC, Tehran, Iran

    Ahmad Khademzadeh

  3. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam

    Mehdi Hosseinzadeh

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  1. Pouya Aryai
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  2. Ahmad Khademzadeh
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  3. Somayyeh Jafarali Jassbi
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  4. Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
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Contributions

PA involved in conceptualization, methodology, visualization, software, writing—original draft preparation, writing—reviewing and editing. AK took part in methodology, investigation, formal analysis, writing—reviewing and editing. SJJ took part in methodology, conceptualization, validation, writing—reviewing and editing. MH involved in formal analysis, validation, writing—reviewing and editing.

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Correspondence to Ahmad Khademzadeh.

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Aryai, P., Khademzadeh, A., Jafarali Jassbi, S. et al. SIMOF: swarm intelligence multi-objective fuzzy thermal-aware routing protocol for WBANs. J Supercomput 79, 10941–10976 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-023-05102-9

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