Abstract
Geolocation services are crucial for applications such as navigation, mapping, and location-based services, but conventional methods often face challenges related to scalability, cost, and accessibility. This paper presents GeoSpectra, a groundbreaking framework aimed at democratizing access to precise geolocation while supporting sustainable urban planning. GeoSpectra utilizes the QuantumSAR Dataset, a comprehensive collection combining Sentinel-1 SAR imagery, proprietary synthetic data from quantum sensing, and additional datasets like SynthWakeSAR and SIVED. The framework employs convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks, optimized for supercomputing environments, to process this extensive dataset. The dataset, featuring 3,000 high-resolution synthetic SAR images and various real-world scenarios, enhances model training and validation. GeoSpectra’s models achieved impressive performance, with accuracy rates of 95% for QuantumSAR, 92% for SynthWakeSAR, and 97% for SIVED. Precision and recall metrics are similarly high, reflecting the framework’s robustness. By advancing geolocation accuracy, GeoSpectra aims to improve urban mobility, reduce traffic congestion, and minimize environmental impacts. This research underscores the transformative potential of deep learning in refining traditional geolocation technologies and fostering smarter, more sustainable urban environments.









Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
References
Zhao P, Liu K, Zou H, Zhen X (2018) Multi-stream convolutional neural network for SAR automatic target recognition. Remote Sens 10(9):1473
Pedlar D, Coe DJ (2005) Target geolocation using SAR. IEE Proceedings-Radar, Sonar and Navigation 152(1):35–42
Bollian T, Osmanoglu B, Rincon RF, Lee SK, Fatoyinbo TE (2018) Detection and geolocation of P-band radio frequency interference using EcoSAR. IEEE J Sel Top Appl Earth Observa Remote Sens 11(10):3608–3616
Liu X, Ma H, Sun W (2006) Study on the geolocation algorithm of space-borne SAR image. International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Pattern Analysis and Synthesis. Berlin. Heidelberg, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 270–280
Liu X, Teng X, Li Z, Yu Q, Bian Y (2022) A fast algorithm for high accuracy airborne SAR geolocation based on local linear approximation. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 71:1–12
Kaur, P., Singh, S. K., Singh, I., & Kumar, S. (2021, December). Exploring convolutional neural network in computer vision-based image classification. In International conference on Swmart Systems and Advanced Computing (Syscom-2021)
Yin, D., Yang, Y., Wang, Z., Yu, H., Wei, K., & Sun, X. (2023). 1% vs 100%: Parameter-efficient low rank adapter for dense predictions. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (pp. 20116-20126)
Yin, D., Han, X., Li, B., Feng, H., & Bai, J. (2023). Parameter-efficient is not sufficient: Exploring parameter, memory, and time efficient adapter tuning for dense predictions. arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.09729
Sun X, Yin D, Qin F, Yu H, Lu W, Yao F, Fu K (2023) Revealing influencing factors on global waste distribution via deep-learning based dumpsite detection from satellite imagery. Nature Commun. 14(1):1444
Hu L, Yu H, Lu W, Yin D, Sun X, Fu K (2024) Airs: Adapter in remote sensing for parameter-efficient transfer learning. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2024.3351889
Singh, I., Singh, S. K., Kumar, S., & Aggarwal, K. (2022, July). Dropout-VGG based convolutional neural network for traffic sign categorization. In Congress on Intelligent Systems: Proceedings of CIS 2021, Volume 1 . Singapore. Springer Nature Singapore. 247-261
Jurgens, D., Finethy, T., McCorriston, J., Xu, Y., & Ruths, D. (2015). Geolocation prediction in Twitter using social networks: A critical analysis and review of current practice. In Proceedings of the international AAAI conference on web and social media (Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 188-197)
Ikawa, Y., Enoki, M., & Tatsubori, M. (2012, April). Location inference using microblog messages. In Proceedings of the 21st international Conference on World Wide Web (pp. 687-690)
Bachir, D., Khodabandelou, G., Gauthier, V., El Yacoubi, M., & Vachon, E. (2018, September). Combining bayesian inference and clustering for transport mode detection from sparse and noisy geolocation data. In Joint European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases (pp. 569-584). Cham: Springer International Publishing
Li, B., Chen, Z., & Lim, S. (2020, May). Geolocation Inference Using Twitter Data: A Case Study of COVID-19 in the Contiguous United States. In International Conference on Geographical Information Systems Theory, Applications and Management (pp. 119-139). Cham: Springer International Publishing
Joshi, D., Gallagher, A., Yu, J., & Luo, J. (2010, March). Exploring user image tags for geo-location inference. In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (pp. 5598-5601). IEEE
Johnson, I., McMahon, C., Schöning, J., & Hecht, B. (2017, May). The effect of population and "structural" biases on social media-based algorithms: A case study in geolocation inference across the urban-rural spectrum. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1167-1178)
Gallagher, A., Joshi, D., Yu, J., & Luo, J. (2009, June). Geo-location inference from image content and user tags. In 2009 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (pp. 55-62). IEEE
Cheng, Y. (2024, February). Radar Jamming Image Recognition based on Deep Learning and Computer Vision. In 2024 International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Communication Systems (ICICACS) (pp. 1-5). IEEE
Bialer, O., & Haitman, Y. (2024). RadSimReal: Bridging the Gap Between Synthetic and Real Data in Radar Object Detection With Simulation. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (pp. 15407-15416)
Jovanovic L, Antonijevic M, Perisic J, Milovanovic M, Miodrag Z, Budimirovic N, Bacanin N (2024) Computer Vision Based Areal Photographic Rocket Detection using YOLOv8 Models. Int J Robot Autom Tech 11:37–49
Goyal S, Kumar S, Singh SK, Sarin S, Priyanshu, Gupta BB, Colace F (2024) Synergistic application of neuro-fuzzy mechanisms in advanced neural networks for real-time stream data flux mitigation. Soft Comput 1-13
Jiao N, Wang F, You H (2021) A new combined adjustment model for geolocation accuracy improvement of multiple sources optical and SAR imagery. Remote Sens 13(3):491
Lygouras E (2020) Vision and Geolocation Data Combination for Precise Human Detection and Tracking in Search and Rescue Operations. Int J Intell Sci 10(3):41–64
Oveis, A. H., Giusti, E., Ghio, S., & Martorella, M. (2021, May). Cnn for radial velocity and range components estimation of ground moving targets in sar. In 2021 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf21) (pp. 1-6). IEEE
Nassar, A., Amer, K., ElHakim, R., & ElHelw, M. (2018). A deep CNN-based framework for enhanced aerial imagery registration with applications to UAV geolocalization. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (pp. 1513-1523)
Oveis AH, Giusti E, Ghio S, Martorella M (2021) A survey on the applications of convolutional neural networks for synthetic aperture radar: Recent advances. IEEE Aerosp Electron Sys Mag 37(5):18–42
Lauknes, Tom Rune. Rockslide Mapping in Norway by Means of Interferometric SAR Time Series Analysis
Zhao P, Liu K, Zou H, Zhen X (2018) Multi-stream convolutional neural network for SAR automatic target recognition. Remote Sens 10(9):1473
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
S.S. and S.G.: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing—original draft S.K.S and S.K.: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Sarin, S., Singh, S.K., Kumar, S. et al. Geospectra: leveraging quantum-SAR and deep learning for enhanced geolocation in urban environments. J Supercomput 81, 223 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-024-06619-3
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-024-06619-3