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High-capacity quantum wireless multi-hop network communication based on hyperentangled Bell states

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Abstract

Quantum wireless multi-hop networks are a fundamental component of the global quantum communication infrastructure. However, existing quantum communication protocols are constrained by limitations in capacity and efficiency, primarily due to their reliance on a single degree of freedom for encoding quantum information. In contrast, the protocol presented in this study leverages hyperentangled Bell states across both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom, thereby overcoming these limitations. Compared to traditional approaches that employ bipartite entanglement within a single polarization degree of freedom, the proposed protocol significantly enhances the communication capacity. This innovative approach not only improves the overall efficiency of quantum communication but also contributes to the scalability of quantum multi-hop networks, offering a promising solution to the challenges encountered by current quantum communication protocols.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Youth Fund Project of Beijing Wuzi University (No. 2022XJQN21), and R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM202310037003).

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  1. School of Information, Beijing Wuzi University, Beijing, 101149, China

    Yongli Yang & Yueming Su

  2. Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China

    Yuguang Yang

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  1. Yongli Yang
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Yang, Y., Yang, Y. & Su, Y. High-capacity quantum wireless multi-hop network communication based on hyperentangled Bell states. J Supercomput 81, 641 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-025-07082-4

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