Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Effect of mobile terminal heterogeneity on call blocking/dropping probability in cooperative heterogeneous cellular networks

  • Published:
Telecommunication Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

It is envisaged that next generation wireless networks (NGWN) will be heterogeneous, consisting of multiple radio access technologies (RATs) coexisting in the same geographical area. In these heterogeneous wireless networks, mobile terminals of different capabilities (heterogeneous terminals) will be used by subscribers to access network services. We investigate the effect of using heterogeneous mobile terminals (e.g. single-mode, dual-mode, triple-mode, etc.) on call blocking and call dropping probabilities in cooperative heterogeneous wireless networks. We develop analytical models for heterogeneous mobile terminals and joint radio resource management in heterogeneous wireless networks. Using a two-class three-RAT heterogeneous wireless network as an example, the effect of using heterogeneous terminals in the network is evaluated. Results show the overall call blocking/dropping probability experienced by subscribers in heterogeneous wireless networks depends on the capabilities of mobile terminals used by the subscribers. In the worst case scenario, when all subscribers use single-mode mobile terminals, each subscriber is confined to a single RAT and consequently, joint radio resource management in heterogeneous wireless network has no improvement on new call blocking and handoff call dropping probabilities. However, in the best case scenario, when all subscribers use three-mode terminals, new class-1 call blocking probability decreases from 0.37 (for 100% single-mode terminals) to 0.05, at the arrival rate of 6 calls per minute. New class-2 call blocking probability also decreases from 0.8 to 0.52. Similarly, handoff class-1 call dropping probability decreases from 0.14 to 0.003, and handoff class-2 call dropping probability decreases from 0.44 to 0.09.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

References

  1. Wu, G., Mizuno, M., & Havinga, P. J. M. (2002). MIRAI architecture for heterogeneous network. IEEE Communications Magazine 40(2), 126–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Pérez-Romero, J., Sallent, O., Agustí, R., & Díaz-Guerra, M. A. (2005). Radio resource management strategies in UMTS. New York: Wiley.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. Falowo, O. E., & Chan, H. A. (2007). Joint call admission control algorithms: requirements, approaches, and design considerations. Computer Communications, 31(6), 1200–1217. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2007.10.044.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Niyato, D., & Hossain, E. (2008). Noncooperative game-theoretic framework for radio resource management in 4G heterogeneous wireless access networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 7(3), 332–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Gelabert, X., Pérez-Romero, J., Sallent, O., & Agustí, R. (2008). A Markovian approach to radio access technology selection in heterogeneous multiaccess/multiservice wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 7(10), 1257–1270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Hasib, A., & Fapojuwo, A. O. (2008). Analysis of common radio resource management scheme for end-to-end QoS support in multiservice heterogeneous wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 57(4).

  7. Yiping, C., & Yuhang, Y. (2007). A new 4G architecture providing multimode terminals always best connected services. IEEE Wireless Communications, April 2007.

  8. Frattasi, S., Fathi, H., Fitzek, F. H. P., Prasad, R., & Katz, M. D. (2006). Defining 4G technology from the user’s perspective. IEEE Network, January/February 2006.

  9. Song, W., & Zhuang, W. (2009). Multi-service load sharing for resource management in the cellular/WLAN integrated network. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 8(2), 725–735.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Buljore, S., Harada, H., Filin, S., Houze, P., Tsagkaris, K., Holland, O., Nolte, K., Farnham, T., & Ivanov, V. (2009). Architecture and enablers for optimized radio resource usage in heterogeneous wireless access networks: The IEEE 1900.4 Working Group. Communications Magazine, IEEE, 47(1), 122–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lee, S., Sriram, K., Kim, K., Kim, Y., & Golmie, N. (2009). Vertical handoff decision algorithms for providing optimized performance in heterogeneous wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 58(2), 865–881.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Vanem, E., Svaet, S., & Paint, F. (2003). Effects of multiple access alternatives in heterogeneous wireless networks. IEEE Wireless and Networking, 3, 1696–1700.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Furuskar, A., & Zander, J. (2005). Multiservice allocation for multi-access wireless systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 4(Jan.), 174–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Falowo, O. E., & Chan, H. A. (2007). Adaptive bandwidth management and joint call admission control to enhance system utilization and QoS in heterogeneous wireless networks. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2007(3), 1–11. doi:10.1155/2007/34378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhang, W. (2005). Performance of real-time and data traffic in heterogeneous overlay wireless networks. In: Proceedings of the 19th international teletraffic congress (ITC 19), Beijing, 2005.

  16. Pillekeit, A., Derakhshan, F., Jugl, E., & Mitschele-Thiel, A. (2004). Force-based load balancing in co-located UMTS/GSM networks, VTC 2004-Fall. In: 2004 IEEE 60th (Vol. 6, pp. 4402–4406), September 26–29.

  17. Vidales, P., Baliosian, J., Serrat, J., Mapp, G., Stajano, F., & Hopper, A. (2005). Autonomic system for mobility support in 4G networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 23(12), 2288–3204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Lincke, S. J. (2005). Vertical handover policies for common radio resource management. International Journal of Communication 18, 527–543.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Holma, H., & Toskala, A. (2001). WCDMA for UMTS (2nd edn.). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Pla, V., Giménez-Guzmány, J. M., Martínez, J., & Casares-Giner, V. (2004). Optimal admission control using handover prediction in mobile cellular networks. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international working conference on performance modelling and evaluation of heterogeneous networks (HET-NETs ’04), Ilkley, West Yorkshire, UK, July 2004.

  21. Kesidis, G., Walrand, J., & Chang, C.-S. (1993). Effective bandwidths for multi-class Markov fluids and other ATM sources. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 4(4), 424–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Ga̧bowski, M., Stasiak, M., Wísniewski, A., & Zwierzykowski, P. (2005). Uplink blocking probability calculation for cellular systems with WCDMA radio interface, finite source population and differently loaded neighbouring cells. In: Proceedings of the 11th Asia-Pacific conference on communications (APCC ’05), Perth, Western Australia, October 2005, pp. 138–142.

  23. Nasser, N., & Hassanein, H. (2004). Dynamic threshold-based call admission framework for prioritized multimedia traffic in wireless cellular networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE global telecommunications conference (GLOBECOM ’04) (Vol. 2, pp. 644–649), Dallas, Texas, USA, November-December, 2004.

  24. Guo, Y., & Chaskar, H. (2002). Class-based quality of service over air interfaces in 4G mobile networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 40(3), 132–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Chung, S.-P., & Lee, J.-C. (2005). Performance analysis and overflowed traffic characterization in multi-service hierarchical wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 4(3), 904–918.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Houeto, F., & Pierre, S. (2004). Characterization of jitter and admission control in multi-service networks. IEEE Communications Letters, 8(2), 125–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Fettweis, G. (2009). Current frontiers in wireless communications: fast & green & dirty. In: IEEE wireless communications & networking conference (WCNC), Budapest, Hungary, April 5–8, 2009.

  28. Wang, J., Zeng, Q.-A., & Agrawal, D. P. (2003). Performance analysis of a pre-emptive and priority reservation handoff scheme. Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2(1), 65–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Bo, X., & Chen, Z. (2004). On call admission and performance evaluation for multi-service CDMA networks. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 8(1), 98–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Orlik, P. V., & Rappaport, S. S. (2001). On the handoff arrival process in cellular communications. Wireless Networks, 7(2), 147–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Bertsekas, D. P., & Tsitsiklis, J. N. (2002). Introduction to probability. Belmont: Athena Scientific.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Falowo, O. E., & Chan, H. A. (2009). Effect of mobile terminal heterogeneity on connection-level QoS in next generation wireless networks. In: Proceedings of 22nd Canadian conference on electrical and computer engineering (CCECE 2009), St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada, 3–6 May 2009, ISBN: 978-1-4244-3508-1, ISSN: 0840-7789.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa

    Olabisi E. Falowo & H. Anthony Chan

Authors
  1. Olabisi E. Falowo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. H. Anthony Chan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Olabisi E. Falowo.

Additional information

This work is supported in part by Telkom, Nokia Siemens Networks, TeleSciences, and National Research Foundation, South Africa, under the Broadband Center of Excellence program.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Falowo, O.E., Chan, H.A. Effect of mobile terminal heterogeneity on call blocking/dropping probability in cooperative heterogeneous cellular networks. Telecommun Syst 47, 337–349 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-010-9322-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-010-9322-2

Keywords