Abstract
The ever increasing demand for high data rate and spectral efficiency has led to the advent of the underutilized millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency spectrum for fifth-generation and beyond (B5G) cellular networks. mmWave facilitates high throughput for short-range technologies such as device-to-device (D2D) communications by utilizing the carrier frequencies beyond 30 GHz. This paper proposes a mmWave assisted cooperative D2D (C-D2D) framework wherein a D2D transmitter (DT) acts as a full-duplex (FD) relay for cellular uplink transmission. In addition, DT employs non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to transmit the superimposed cellular and D2D signal while utilizing power domain multiplexing. Successive interference cancellation is applied at the D2D receiver to decode the D2D signal. Further, we considered that each node is equipped with directional antennas to compensate for the impact of high propagation loss, and a sectored beamforming framework is used to model the antenna gain. The analytical expressions for the achievable rates and outage probabilities for cellular and D2D users with an optimal value of the power splitting factor have been derived to characterize the system performance. Our results include the impact of various system parameters such as half-power beamwidth, sidelobe gain, and residual self-interference constants on the cellular outage probability. We have also shown that our proposed model outperforms the recent work on the NOMA-aided FD C-D2D communications system by approximately \(10^4\) times in terms of cellular outage probability.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
This is the most probable scenario since DT-DR exists as a proximate pair. In an environment such as inside a building or a playground, there are fairly high chances of DR being closer to DT as compared to BS.
This value is obtained by considering the most probable directive gain scenarios of the interfering nodes involved.
References
Samdanis, K., & Taleb, T. (2020). The road beyond 5g: A vision and insight of the key technologies. IEEE Network, 34(2), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.001.1900228
Ansari, R. I., Chrysostomou, C., Hassan, S. A., Guizani, M., Mumtaz, S., Rodriguez, J., & Rodrigues, J. J. P. C. (2018). 5G D2D networks: Techniques, challenges, and future prospects. IEEE Systems Journal, 12(4), 3970–3984. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2017.2773633
Cao, Y., Jiang, T., & Wang, C. (2015). Cooperative device-to-device communications in cellular networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 22(3), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.2015.7143335
Gupta, N., & Ashok Bohara, V. (2017). Rate and outage trade-offs for OFDMA based device to device communication frameworks. IEEE Access, 5, 14095–14106. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2727055
Gupta, N., Kumar, D., Bohara, V.A. (2018). A novel user selection and resource allocation framework for cooperative D2D communication. In 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), pp. 1– 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.2018.8647818
Zhang, Z., Long, K., Vasilakos, A. V., & Hanzo, L. (2016). Full-duplex wireless communications: Challenges, solutions, and future research directions. Proceedings of the IEEE, 104(7), 1369–1409. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2015.2497203
Nwankwo, C. D., Zhang, L., Quddus, A., Imran, M. A., & Tafazolli, R. (2018). A survey of self-interference management techniques for single frequency full duplex systems. IEEE Access, 6, 30242–30268. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2774143
Lee, Y., & Huang, B.-Y. (2019). Active interference cancellation for full-duplex multiuser networks with or without existence of self-interference. IEEE Access, 7, 15056–15068. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2895160
Duarte, M., Dick, C., & Sabharwal, A. (2012). Experiment-driven characterization of full-duplex wireless systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 11(12), 4296–4307. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2012.102612.111278
Benjebbour, A., Saito, Y., Kishiyama, Y., Li, A., Harada, A., Nakamura, T. (2013). Concept and practical considerations of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for future radio access. In 2013 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, pp. 770– 774 https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPACS.2013.6704653.
Chen, Z., Ding, Z., Dai, X., & Zhang, R. (2017). An optimization perspective of the superiority of NOMA compared to conventional OMA. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 65(19), 5191–5202. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2017.2725223
Islam, S.R., Zeng, M., Dobre, O.A., Kwak, K.-S. (2019). Nonorthogonal multiple access (noma): How it meets 5G and beyond. Wiley 5G Ref: The Essential 5G Reference Online, pp. 1–28.
Zhang, Z., Ma, Z., Xiao, M., Ding, Z., & Fan, P. (2017). Full-duplex device-to-device-aided cooperative nonorthogonal multiple access. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 66(5), 4467–4471. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2016.2600102
Islam, S. .M. .R., Avazov, N., Dobre, O. .A., & Kwak, K. .-s. (2017). Power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in 5G systems: Potentials and challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 19(2), 721–742. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2016.2621116
Bajpai, R., Kulkarni, A., Malhotra, G., Gupta, N. (2020). Outage analysis of OFDMA based noma aided full-duplex cooperative D2D system. In 2020 27th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT), pp. 1– 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT49546.2020.9239456.
Zhang, X., & Haenggi, M. (2014). The performance of successive interference cancellation in random wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 60(10), 6368–6388. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2014.2341248
Xiao, Z., Zhu, L., Choi, J., Xia, P., & Xia, X.-G. (2018). Joint power allocation and beamforming for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in 5G millimeter wave communications. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 17(5), 2961–2974. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2018.2804953
Zhu, L., Zhang, J., Xiao, Z., Cao, X., Wu, D. O., & Xia, X.-G. (2018). Joint power control and beamforming for uplink non-orthogonal multiple access in 5G millimeter-wave communications. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 17(9), 6177–6189. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2018.2855151
Sim, G. H., Loch, A., Asadi, A., Mancuso, V., & Widmer, J. (2017). 5G millimeter-wave and D2D symbiosis: 60 GHz for proximity-based services. IEEE Wireless Communications, 24(4), 140–145. https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.2017.1600098
Wang, X., Kong, L., Kong, F., Qiu, F., Xia, M., Arnon, S., & Chen, G. (2018). Millimeter wave communication: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 20(3), 1616–1653. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2018.2844322
Xiao, M., Mumtaz, S., Huang, Y., Dai, L., Li, Y., Matthaiou, M., Karagiannidis, G. .K., Björnson, E., Yang, K., I, C. .-L., & Ghosh, A. (2017). Millimeter wave communications for future mobile networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 35(9), 1909–1935. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2017.2719924
Bajpai, R., Gupta, N., & Bohara, V. A. (2021). An adaptive full-duplex/half-duplex multiuser cooperative D2D communications system with best user selection. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 2, 1445–1457. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2021.3091905
Amin, A. A., & Shin, S. Y. (2021). Capacity analysis of cooperative NOMA-OAM-MIMO based full-duplex relaying for 6G. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 10(7), 1395–1399. https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2021.3068654
Kader, M. F., Shin, S. Y., & Leung, V. C. M. (2018). Full-duplex non-orthogonal multiple access in cooperative relay sharing for 5G systems. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 67(7), 5831–5840. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2018.2799939
Al Amin, A., & Young Shin, S. (2020). Performance analysis of cooperative nonorthogonal multiple access with improved time switching simultaneous wireless information and power transfer protocol. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 31(11), 4077. https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4077
Kim, J.-B., Lee, I.-H., & Lee, J. (2018). Capacity scaling for D2D aided cooperative relaying systems using NOMA. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 7(1), 42–45. https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2017.2752162
Lee, J., & Lee, J. H. (2019). Performance analysis and resource allocation for cooperative D2D communication in cellular networks with multiple D2D pairs. IEEE Communications Letters, 23(5), 909–912. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2019.2907252
Liu, G., Feng, W., Han, Z., & Jiang, W. (2019). Performance analysis and optimization of cooperative full-duplex D2D communication underlaying cellular networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 18(11), 5113–5127. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2019.2932982
Bajpai, R., Nawandar, K., Nag, S., Gupta, N. (2020). Outage analysis of millimeter wave assisted full-duplex cooperative D2D communications system with non-orthogonal multiple access. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and Telecommunications Systems (ANTS), pp. 1– 6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ANTS50601.2020.9342774.
Omri, A., Shaqfeh, M., Ali, A., & Alnuweiri, H. (2019). Synchronization procedure in 5G NR systems. IEEE Access, 7, 41286–41295. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2907970
Turgut, E., & Gursoy, M. C. (2019). Uplink performance analysis in D2D-enabled millimeter-wave cellular networks with clustered users. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 18(2), 1085–1100. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2018.2889755
Govenker, R.D., Phatak, A.Y., Bajpai, R., Gupta, N. (2020). Outage analysis of mmWave integrated device-to-device communication system under nakagami fading channel. In 2020 National Conference on Communications (NCC), pp. 1– 6 . https://doi.org/10.1109/NCC48643.2020.9056087.
Zhang, Z., Wu, Y., Chu, X., & Zhang, J. (2019). Resource allocation and power control for D2D communications to prolong the overall system survival time of mobile cells. IEEE Access, 7, 17111–17124. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2893378
MacCartney, G.R., Rappaport, T.S., Rangan, S. (2017). Rapid fading due to human blockage in pedestrian crowds at 5G millimeter-wave frequencies. In GLOBECOM 2017 - 2017 IEEE Global Communications Conference, pp. 1– 7 . https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.2017.8254900.
Zekri, A.B., Ajgou, R., Hettiri, M. (2020). Impact of azimuth and elevation half power beam width on human blockage scenarios in mmwave channels. In 2020 1st International Conference on Communications, Control Systems and Signal Processing (CCSSP), pp. 41– 45 https://doi.org/10.1109/CCSSP49278.2020.9151811.
El-Halwagy, W., Mirzavand, R., Melzer, J., Hossain, M., & Mousavi, P. (2018). Investigation of wideband substrate-integrated vertically-polarized electric dipole antenna and arrays for mm-wave 5G mobile devices. IEEE Access, 6, 2145–2157. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2782083
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Bajpai, R., Karoti, N.M. & Gupta, N. Exploiting millimeter wave in non-orthogonal multiple access based full-duplex cooperative device-to-device communications system. Telecommun Syst 83, 381–394 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-023-01029-x
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-023-01029-x