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Outage analysis of hybrid VLC–RF system for IoT application under energy harvesting

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Abstract

This paper studies the performance of an Internet of Things (IoT) network with hybrid visible light communication (VLC)–radio frequency (RF) connectivity and energy harvesting (EH). The considered hybrid network architecture can be adopted for various IoT applications where communications and energy harvesting using a single wireless technology is either infeasible or inefficient. The system performance is analyzed in term of outage probability where the exact closed-form expression is derived. The system performance is shown for various system parameters such as light emitting diode (LED) power, RF transmission power, power sharing factor, and data rate. The obtained analytical results are also verified through Monte Carlo simulation for various operating scenarios. The obtained results show that the optimum harvesting time may broadly vary based on the adopted system parameters.

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Funding

The author declares that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Sutanu Ghosh

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  1. Sutanu Ghosh
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Only SG contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and analysis were performed by SG.

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Correspondence to Sutanu Ghosh.

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Appendices

Appendix I: Proof of (25)

$$\begin{aligned}{} & {} \Pr [R_{SG}\ge R_{cl}]=\Pr [{A_o (\mu _{o})^2} X_{SG}\ge u_{cl}]\nonumber \\{} & {} \quad =\int _{\frac{u_{cl}}{A_o (\mu _{o})^2}}^{\infty }\frac{n_m^{n_m}X_{SG}^{n_m-1}\exp (-n_m X_{SG})}{\Gamma {(n_m)}}dX_{SG} \nonumber \\{} & {} \quad =\frac{1}{\Gamma (n_m)}\Gamma \bigg (n_m,n_m \frac{u_{cl}}{A_o (\mu _{o})^2}\bigg ). \end{aligned}$$
(32)

Appendix II: Proof of (26)

$$\begin{aligned}{} & {} \textrm{Pr}[R_{CD}^{(1)}\ge R_{cd_1},R_{CD}^{(2)} \ge R_{cd_2}]\nonumber \\{} & {} \quad = \int _{\frac{u_2}{A_2}}^{\infty }\exp (-\omega )\exp \bigg (-\frac{u_1}{A_1}(A_2\omega +1)\bigg )d\omega \nonumber \\{} & {} \quad =\frac{A_1}{{A_1}+{A_2u_1}}\exp \big (-\frac{u_1}{A_1}-\frac{u_2}{A_2}-\frac{u_1u_2}{A_1}\big ). \end{aligned}$$
(33)

Glossary

AWGN:

Additive white Gaussian noise

CCR:

Cooperative CR

CCRNCCR:

Network

CDF:

Cumulative distribution function

CHD:

Cluster head

CR:

Cognitive radio

DC:

Direct current

DF:

Decode-and-forward

EH:

Energy harvesting

FoV:

Field-of-view

HAN:

Home area network

IoD:

IoT device

IoT:

Internet of Things

LED:

Light emitting diode

Li-Fi:

Light fidelity

LS:

Local server

MAC:

Multiple access

MS:

Master server

NOMA:

Non-orthogonal multiple access

OAP:

Optical access point

PDF:

Probability density function

PS:

Power splitting

PSIC:

Perfect self-interference cancellation

PT:

Power transmitter

QoS:

Quality-of-service

RF:

Radio frequency

SE:

Spectrum efficiency

SINR:

Signal-to-interference-ratio

SLIPT:

Simultaneous light-wave information and power transfer

SNR:

Signal-to-noise ratio

TS:

Time switching

VLC:

Visible light communication

WPT:

Wireless power transfer

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Ghosh, S. Outage analysis of hybrid VLC–RF system for IoT application under energy harvesting. Telecommun Syst 84, 387–397 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-023-01054-w

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