Abstract
In recent years a new class of soft real-time applications operating in unpredictable environments has emerged. Typical for these applications is that neither the resource requirements nor the arrival rates of service requests are known or available a priori. It has been shown that feedback control is very effective to support the specified performance of dynamic systems that are both resource insufficient and exhibit unpredictable workloads. To efficiently use feedback control scheduling it is necessary to have a model that adequately describes the behavior of the system. In this paper we experimentally evaluate the accuracy of four linear time-invariant models used in the design of feedback controllers. We introduce a model (DYN) that captures additional system dynamics, which a previously published model (STA) fails to include. The accuracy of the models are evaluated by validating the models with regard to measured data from the controlled system and through a set of experiments where we evaluate the performance of a set of feedback control schedulers tuned using these models. From our evaluations we conclude that second order models (e.g., DYN) are more accurate than first order models (e.g. STA). Further we show that controllers tuned using second order models perform better than controllers tuned using first order models.
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Mehdi Amirijoo is a Ph.D. student at the Department of Computer and Information Science in Linköping University, Sweden. He received his M.Sc. degree in computer science and engineering from Linköping University in 2002. His interests include real-time data services, scheduling, QoS management, automatic control, imprecise computation techniques, and sensor networks. He received the 2003 best M.Sc. thesis award issued by the Swedish National Real-Time Association (SNART).
Jörgen Hansson received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from the University of Skövde, Sweden, in 1992 and 1993, respectively. He received the Ph.D. degree in 1999 from Linköping University, Sweden, with which he is also affiliated as an associate professor. He is a senior member of the technical staff at the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. His current research interests include real-time systems and real-time database systems and he has written 40 papers and edited two books in these areas. His research has focused on techniques and algorithms for ensuring robustness and timeliness in real-time applications that are prone to transient overloads, mechanisms and architectures for handling increasing amounts of data in real-time systems, and algorithms to ensure data quality in real-time systems. His current research interests include resource management, techniques and methodologies for data repositories functioning in realtime and embedded computing systems, adaptive overload management, and component-based software architectures for embedded and real-time systems. He is a member of the IEEE.
Sang Hyuk Son is a Professor at the Department of Computer Science of University of Virginia. He received the B.Sc. degree in electronics engineering from Seoul National University, M.Sc. degree from KAIST, and the Ph.D. in computer science from University of Maryland, College Park in 1986. He has been a Visiting Professor at KAIST, City University of Hong Kong, Ecole Centrale de Lille in France, Linköping University, and University of Skövde in Sweden. His current research interests include real-time computing, data services, QoS management, wireless sensor networks, and information security. He has served as an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, and is currently serving as an Associate Editor for Real-Time Systems Journal and Journal of Business Performance Management. He has been on the executive board of the IEEE TC on Real-Time Systems, and served as the Program Chair or General Chair of several real-time and database conferences, including IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium and IEEE Conference on Electronic Commerce. He received the Outstanding Contribution Award at the IEEE Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications in 2004.
Svante Gunnarsson was born in Tranås, Sweden, 1959. He received the M.Sc. degree in Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering from Linköping University, Sweden, in 1983. He received his Ph.D. in Automatic Control from Linköping University, Sweden, in 1988, and is currently Professor in the Control group at the Department of E.E., Linköping University, Sweden. His research interests are in the areas of system identification, iterative learning control, and robot control.
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Amirijoo, M., Hansson, J., Son, S.H. et al. Experimental evaluation of linear time-invariant models for feedback performance control in real-time systems. Real-Time Syst 35, 209–238 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-006-9008-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-006-9008-8