Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Data Center Switch for Load Balanced Fat-Trees

  • Published:
Journal of Signal Processing Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

With the growing of cloud computing, the need of computing power no longer can be satisfied with a few powerful servers or small scale parallel computer systems. More and more servers are connected together as a data center network. Then, fault tolerance becomes an import issue when building a massive data center network. Currently, many researches focus on building fat-tree data center networks. In this paper, we propose a load balanced fat-tree architecture with uniform mapping connection patterns to provide higher fault tolerance capability for heavy traffic load networks. Two fault tolerated 4 × 4 banyan type switch designs are introduced to improve the fault tolerance capability of fat-tree networks. Finally, fault tolerance capability evaluations of link or switch faults in fat-tree network are given to support our idea, and a 4 × 4 banyan type switch IC is demonstrated as the commodity switch for building the fault tolerant fat-tree data center networks. The 4 × 4 banyan type switch IC is fabricated in 90 nm CMOS technology, and the maximum operation rate of the IC is 5.8 Gbps per channel or 23.2 Gbps total data rate with only 23 ps peak-to-peak jitter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Cisco Data Center Infrastructure 2.5 Design Guide. Available online: http://www.cisco.com/application/pdf/en/us/guest/netsol/ns107/c649/ccmigratio_09186a008073377d.pdf. Accessed Dec 2007.

  2. Al-Fares, M., Loukissas, A., Vahdat, A. (2008). A scalable, commodity, data center network architecture. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM (pp. 63–74).

  3. Guo, C., Wu, H., Tan, K., Shi, L., Zhang, Y., Lu, S. (2008). DCell a scalable and fault-tolerant network structure for data centers. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM (pp. 75–86).

  4. Kliegl, M., Lee, J., Li, J., Zhang, X., Guo, C., Rincon, D. (2010). Generalized DCell structure for load-balanced data center networks. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM (pp. 1–5).

  5. Li, D., Guo, C., Wu, H., Tan, K., Zhang, Y., Lu, S. (2009). FiConn: Using backup port for server interconnection in data centers. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM (pp. 2276–2285).

  6. Guo, C., Lu, G., Li, D., Wu, H., Zhang, X., Shi, Y., Tian, C., Zhang, Y., Lu, S. (2009). BCube: a high performance, server-centric network architecture for modular data centers. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM (pp. 63–74).

  7. Farrington, N., Rubow, E., Vahdat, A. (2009). Data center switch architecture in the age of merchant silicon. In Proceedings of 17th IEEE symposium on high performance interconnects (pp. 93–102).

  8. Chueh, H.S., Lien, C.M., Chang, C.S., Cheng, J., Lee, D.S. (2011). Implementing load-balanced switches with fat-tree networks (pp. 1–9). Available online: http://www.ee.nthu.edu.tw/cschang/LB-fat-tree-networks-TR.pdf. Accessed June 2011.

  9. Requena, C.G., Requena, M.E.G., Rodriguez, P.J.L., Marin, J.F.D. (2009). FT2EI: a dynamic fault-tolerant routing methodology for fat trees with exclusion intervals. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 20(6), 802–817.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Sem-Jacobsen, F.O., Skeie, T., Lysne, O., Duato, J. (2011). Dynamic fault tolerance in fat trees. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 60(4), 508–525.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Chang, C.S., Lee, D.S., Jou, Y.S. (2002). Load balanced Birkhoff–von Neumann switches, part I: one-stage buffering. Computer Communications, 25, 611–622.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Chang, C.S., Lee, D.S., Shih, Y.J., Yu, C.L. (2008). Mailbox switch: a scalable two-stage switch architecture for conflict resolution of ordered packets. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 56(1), 136–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Yu, C.L., Chang, C.S., Lee, D.S. (2009). CR switch: a load-balanced switch with contention and reservation. IEEE Transactions on Networking, 17(5), 1659–1671.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Hu, B., & Yeung, K.L. (2010). Feedback-based scheduling for load-balanced two-stage switches. IEEE Transactions on Networking, 18(4), 1077–1090.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Clos, C. (1953). A study of non-blocking switching networks. Bell System Technical Journal, 32, 406–424.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Leiserson, C.E. (1985). Fat-Trees: universal network for hardware-efficient supercomputing. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 34(10), 892–901.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Wu, C.L., & Feng, S.Y. (1980). The reverse-exchange interconnection network. IEEE Transaction on Computers, c-29(9), 801–811.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Data Center CEE/DCB Switch Chip Family, FM 6000 (2010). IEEE Transactions on Communications (pp. 136–149). Available online: http://www.fulcrummicro.com/product/FM6000_Product_Brief.pdf. Accessed Feb 2011.

  19. Chrysos, N., & Dimitrakopoulos, G. (2009). Practical high-throughput crossbar scheduling. In IEEE Micro (pp. 23–35).

  20. Chang, C.S., Lee, D.S., Shih, Y.J. (2008). Mailbox switch: a scalable two-stage switch architecture for conflict resolution of ordered packets. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 56(1), 136–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

    Wei-Chih Lai & Ching-Te Chiu

Authors
  1. Wei-Chih Lai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ching-Te Chiu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ching-Te Chiu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lai, WC., Chiu, CT. Data Center Switch for Load Balanced Fat-Trees. J Sign Process Syst 71, 173–187 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-012-0710-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-012-0710-6

Keywords