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Decision-Directed Channel Estimation Implementation for Spectral Efficiency Improvement in Mobile MIMO-OFDM

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Abstract

Channel estimation algorithms and their implementations for mobile receivers are considered in this paper. The 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) based pilot structure is used as a benchmark in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receiver. The decision directed (DD) space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE) algorithm is used to improve the performance from that of the pilot symbol based least-squares (LS) channel estimator. The performance is improved with high user velocities, where the pilot symbol density is not sufficient. Minimum mean square error (MMSE) filtering is also used in estimating the channel in between pilot symbols. The pilot overhead can be reduced to a third of the LTE pilot overhead with DD channel estimation, obtaining a ten percent increase in data throughput. Complexity reduction and latency issues are considered in the architecture design. The pilot based LS, MMSE and the SAGE channel estimators are implemented with a high level synthesis tool, synthesized with the UMC 0.18 \(\mu \)m CMOS technology and the performance-complexity trade-offs are studied. The MMSE estimator improves the performance from the simple LS estimator with LTE pilot structure and has low power consumption. The SAGE estimator has high power consumption but can be used with reduced pilot density to increase the data rate.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Calypto and Mentor Graphics for the possibility to use the Catapult C \({{\circledR }}\) Synthesis tool.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Communications Engineering, Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, 90014, Oulu, Finland

    Johanna Ketonen & Markku Juntti

  2. Nokia Siemens Networks, P.O. Box 319, 90651, Oulu, Finland

    Jari Ylioinas

  3. Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005-1892, USA

    Joseph R. Cavallaro

Authors
  1. Johanna Ketonen
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  2. Markku Juntti
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  3. Jari Ylioinas
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  4. Joseph R. Cavallaro
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Johanna Ketonen.

Additional information

This research has been supported in part by Tekes, the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, Nokia Siemens Networks, Renesas Mobile Europe, Elektrobit, Xilinx and Academy of Finland as well as the Nokia Foundation. The Rice University co-author was supported in part by the NSF under grants CNS-1265332, ECCS-1232274, and EECS-0925942.

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Ketonen, J., Juntti, M., Ylioinas, J. et al. Decision-Directed Channel Estimation Implementation for Spectral Efficiency Improvement in Mobile MIMO-OFDM. J Sign Process Syst 79, 233–245 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-013-0833-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-013-0833-4

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