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Performance comparison of Bluetooth scatternet formation protocols for multi-hop networks

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Abstract

The interest in Bluetooth technology has stimulated much research in algorithms for topology creation and control of networks comprised of large numbers of Bluetooth devices. In particular, the issue of scatternet formation has been addressed by researchers in a number of papers in the technical literature. This paper is an extension of the work presented in [14, 15]. In this paper we present a complete description of what we believe to be a promising scatternet formation protocol – BlueNet, which was first proposed in [15]. Some modifications and enhancements are made to improve the connectivity of resulting scatternets. The metrics are chosen to evaluate the performance of resulting scatternets, such as the reliability, the routing efficiency, the piconet density, and the information carrying capacity. Based on the chosen metrics, performance is then compared among the scatternet samples generated by BlueNet and other two representative multi-hop scatternet formation protocols, i.e., BlueTrees [16] and LSBS [1]. Finally in the conclusion a discussion is presented on the compared scatternet formation protocols.

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Notes

  1. A degree reduction algorithm is a scheme used by some scatternet formation protocols, which is applied on the discovered topology before the protocol begins to build scatternets. It removes some links according to a specific rule, but still retains the connectivity of the resulting topology.

  2. The replenish phase is a specific phase used by some scatternet formation protocols, which executes degree reduction algorithm.

  3. In this paper density is evaluated as the number of nodes per ten square meters. In all comparisons the Bluetooth radio range is set to 10 meters and the power level to 0 dBm.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Stefano Basagni and Raffaele Bruno for the insightful comments and for providing the discovered topologies as well as the scatternet samples of BlueTrees, and LSBS for the performance comparison. This project was supported in part by the US Department of Energy through the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) and in part by the National Science Foundation Power System Engineering Research Center (PSERC). The work of Zygmunt J. Haas on this project was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under the grants ANI-0329905 and CNS-0626751, and by the MURI Program administered by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the contract F49620-02-1-0217.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ECE Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    Zhifang Wang, Robert J. Thomas & Zygmunt J. Haas

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  1. Zhifang Wang
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  2. Robert J. Thomas
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  3. Zygmunt J. Haas
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Correspondence to Zhifang Wang.

Appendix

Appendix

Fig. A.1
figure d

Phase-0 operation and transition

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Fig. A.2
figure e

Phase operations and transitions for phase-1 piconets

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Fig. A.3
figure f

Page/Scan logic for phase-2 nodes

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Fig. A.4
figure g

Phase-3 operation and transition

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Wang, Z., Thomas, R.J. & Haas, Z.J. Performance comparison of Bluetooth scatternet formation protocols for multi-hop networks. Wireless Netw 15, 209–226 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-007-0036-7

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