Abstract
Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs), having inherent features and limited resources, require new quality of service (QoS) protocols for real-time and multimedia applications. In this paper, we present a cross-layer QoS architecture (QoSMOS), that unifies network and link layers into a single communication module for QoS provisioning. Based on QoSMOS architecture, we developed an example reference cross-layer protocol, named cross-layer communication protocol (XLCP), enabling scalable service differentiation in WMSNs. Comprehensive analysis of simulation results indicate that the proposed architecture successfully differentiates service classes in terms of soft delay, reliability and throughput domains. A comparative analysis of XLCP and its counterparts is also given to show the superiority of the cross-layer protocol.









Similar content being viewed by others
References
Soro, S., & Heinzelman, W. (2009). A survey of visual sensor networks. Advances in Multimedia, 2009, art. no. 640386. doi:10.1155/2009/640386.
Boluk, P., Baydere, S., & Harmanci, A. (2011). Robust image transmission over wireless sensor networks. Mobile Networks and Applications, 16(2), 149–170.
Almalkawi, I., Guerrero Zapata, M., Al-Karaki, J., & Morillo-Pozo, J. (2010). Wireless multimedia sensor networks: Current trends and future directions. Sensors, 10(7), 6662–6717.
Karaca, O., & Sokullu, R. (2009). Comparative study of cross layer frameworks for wireless sensor networks. In Wireless communication, vehicular technology, information theory and aerospace & electronic systems technology, 2009. Wireless VITAE 2009. 1st international conference on, IEEE, pp. 896–900.
Mendes, L., & JPC Rodrigues, J. (2011). A survey on cross-layer solutions for wireless sensor networks. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 34(2), 523–534.
Akyildiz, I., Melodia, T., & Chowdhury, K. (2008). Wireless multimedia sensor networks: Applications and testbeds. Proceedings of the IEEE, 96(10), 1588–1605.
Ruzzelli, A., O’Hare, G., O’Grady, M., & Tynan, R. (2006). Merlin: A synergetic integration of mac and routing protocol for distributed sensor networks. In Sensor and ad hoc communications and networks, 2006. SECON’06. 2006 3rd Annual IEEE Communications Society on, Vol. 1, IEEE, pp. 266–275.
Lu, G., & Krishnamachari, B. (2007). Minimum latency joint scheduling and routing in wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 5(6), 832–843
Shanti, C., & Sahoo, A. (2010). Dgram: A delay guaranteed routing and mac protocol for wireless sensor networks. Mobile Computing, IEEE Transactions on, 9(10), 1407–1423.
Hefeida, M. S., Canli, T., & Khokhar, A. (2013). Cl-mac: A cross-layer mac protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 11(1), 213–225.
Lu, C., Blum, B., Abdelzaher, T., Stankovic, J., & He, T. (2002). Rap: A real-time communication architecture for large-scale wireless sensor networks. In Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, 2002. Proceedings of eighth IEEE, IEEE, pp. 55–66.
Felemban, E., Lee, C., & Ekici, E. (2006). Mmspeed: Multipath multi-speed protocol for qos guarantee of reliability and timeliness in wireless sensor networks. Mobile Computing, IEEE Transactions on, 5(6), 738–754.
Melodia, T., & Akyildiz, I. (2010). Cross-layer qos-aware communication for ultra wide band wireless multimedia sensor networks. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on, 28(5), 653–663.
Shah, G., Liang, W., & Akan, O. (2012). Cross-layer framework for qos support in wireless multimedia sensor networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Multimedia, 14(5), 1442–1455.
Zhaohua, L., & Meijun, S. (2010). Research on quality of service in wireless sensor networks. In Information engineering and computer science (ICIECS), 2010 2nd international conference on, IEEE, pp. 1–4.
Lin, F., Zhang, D., & Li, W. (2011). Research on quality of service in wireless sensor networks. In Software engineering and service science (ICSESS), 2011 IEEE 2nd international conference on, IEEE, pp. 312–315.
Chilamkurti, N., Zeadally, S., Vasilakos, A., & Sharma, V. (2009). Cross-layer support for energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks. Journal of Sensors, 2009, art. no. 134165. doi:10.1155/2009/134165.
Liu, Y., Xiong, N., Zhao, Y., Vasilakos, A., Gao, J., & Jia, Y. (2010). Multi-layer clustering routing algorithm for wireless vehicular sensor networks. IET communications, 4(7), 810–816.
Kumar, V., Sankar, K., Rao, L., & Prabha, I. (2012). Comparative analysis of qos-aware routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering, 3(3), 100–104.
Ehsan, S., & Hamdaoui, B. (2012). A survey on energy-efficient routing techniques with qos assurances for wireless multimedia sensor networks. Communications Surveys and Tutorials, IEEE, 14(2), 265–278.
Yigitel, M., Incel, O., & Ersoy, C. (2011). Qos-aware mac protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey. Computer Networks, 55(8), 1982–2004.
Xiao, Y., Peng, M., Gibson, J., Xie, G. G., Du, D.-Z., & Vasilakos, A. V. (2012). Tight performance bounds of multihop fair access for mac protocols in wireless sensor networks and underwater sensor networks. Mobile Computing, IEEE Transactions on, 11(10), 1538–1554.
He, T., Stankovic, J., Lu, C., & Abdelzaher, T. (2003). Speed: A stateless protocol for real-time communication in sensor networks. In Distributed computing systems, 2003. Proceedings of 23rd international conference on, IEEE, pp. 46–55.
Deb, B., Bhatnagar, S., & Nath, B. (2003). Reinform: Reliable information forwarding using multiple paths in sensor networks. In Local computer networks, 2003. LCN’03. Proceedings of 28th annual IEEE international conference on, IEEE, pp. 406–415.
Blake, S., Black, D., Carlson, M., Davies, E., Wang, Z., & Weiss, W. (1998). An architecture for differentiated services, rfc 2475, Website, last checked: 30.07.2013. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2475.txt.
Demir, A., Demiray, H., & Baydere, S. (2011). Xlcm: Xross-layer communication module for service differentiation in wireless sensor networks. In International wireless communications and mobile computing conference (IWCMC), 2011 7th, IEEE, pp. 565–570.
Karp, B., & Kung, H. (2000). Gpsr: Greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks. In Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on mobile computing and networking, ACM, pp. 243–254.
Ko, Y., & Vaidya, N. (2000). Location-aided routing (lar) in mobile ad hoc networks. Wireless Networks, 6(4), 307–321.
Akyildiz, I., Vuran, M., & Akan, O. (2006). A cross-layer protocol for wireless sensor networks. In Information sciences and systems, 2006 40th annual conference on, IEEE, pp. 1102–1107.
Vuran, M., & Akyildiz, I. (2010). Xlp: A cross-layer protocol for efficient communication in wireless sensor networks. Mobile Computing, IEEE Transactions on, 9(11), 1578–1591.
Mathworks, Matlab, Website. Last checked: 30.07.2013. http://www.mathworks.com/
Fall, K., & Varadhan, K. (2013). The network simulator (ns-2). Website, last checked: 30.07.2013. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns
McCanne, S., Floyd, S., Fall, K., & Varadhan, K. et al. (1997). Network simulator ns-2.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Demir, A.K., Demiray, H.E. & Baydere, S. QoSMOS: cross-layer QoS architecture for wireless multimedia sensor networks. Wireless Netw 20, 655–670 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-013-0628-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-013-0628-3