Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Performance evaluation of 3D video streaming services in LTE-Advanced networks

  • Published:
Wireless Networks Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Due to the ever growing interest of 3-dimensional (3D) technology, together with the the widespread use of new generation smartphones, netbooks, and tablets, the idea to provide 3D multimedia services also to mobile users is attracting the attention of researchers worldwide. The emerging long term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) technology seems to have all the potential to offer such kind of services but no accurate studies have been yet conducted to demonstrate this assumption. To bridge this gap, we investigate herein how the LTE-A network configuration, the traffic load, and 3D video settings may influence to the quality of all services of all active flows. We consider a heterogeneous LTE-A network composed by macro and pico cells and a number of users uniformly distributed into the scenario, that receive at the same time 3D video streams, voice flows and best-effort applications. Moreover, several objective metrics, such as the ratio of lost packets, the peak signal to noise ratio, the Structural SIMilarity, the application goodput, and packet delays, have been evaluated to show the LTE-A effectiveness in delivering 3D videos in a realistic last generation mobile environment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. 3GPP: Tech. Specif. Group Radio Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol specification (Release 9), 3GPP TS 36.322.

  2. 3GPP: Tech. Specif. Group Radio Access Network; Physical Channel and Modulation (Release 8), 3GPP TS 36.211.

  3. 3GPP: Tech. Specif. Group Radio Access Network Requirements for Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) and Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN), 3GPP TS 25.913.

  4. 3GPP: Tech. Specif. Group Services and System Aspects; Policy and charging control architecture (Release 11), 3GPP TS 23.203.

  5. Badique, E. (2002). New imaging frontiers: 3D and mixed reality. In Proceedings of the international symposium on 3D data processing visualization and transmission (pp. 296–304).

  6. Beh, K. C., Doufexi, A., & Armour, S. (2009). On the performance of SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO in 3GPP LTE downlink. In Proceedings of the IEEE personal, indoor and mobile radio communications (PIMRC) (pp. 1482–1486).

  7. Birkos, K., Politis, I., Lykourgiotis, A., Kordelas, T., Tselios, C., Mplatsas, M., et al. (2012). Towards 3D video delivery over heterogeneous networks: The ROMEO approach. In Proceedings of the international conference on telecommunications and multimedia (TEMU) (pp. 60–65). doi:10.1109/TEMU.2012.6294733.

  8. Capozzi, F., Piro, G., Alfredo Grieco, L., Boggia, G., & Camarda, P. (2012). On accurate simulations of LTE femtocells using an open source simulator. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. doi:10.1186/1687-1499-2012-328.

  9. Capozzi, F., Piro, G., Grieco, L. A., Boggia, G., & Camarda, P. (2012). A system-level simulation framework for LTE Femtocells. In Proceedings of the SIMUTools 2012, Desenzano, Italy.

  10. Capozzi, F., Piro, G., Grieco, L. A., Boggia, G., & Camarda, P. (2012). Downlink packet scheduling in LTE cellular networks: Key design issues and a survey. IEEE Commun: Surveys and Tutorials (to be published).

  11. Ceglie, C., Maione, G., & Striccoli, D. (2013). Periodic feedback control for streaming 3D videos in last-generation cellular networks. In Proceedings of 5th IFAC international workshop on periodic control systems, PSYCO 2013.

  12. Chan, A., Zeng, K., Mohapatra, P., Lee, S. J., & Banerjee, S. (2010). Metrics for evaluating video streaming quality in lossy ieee 802.11 wireless networks. In Proceedings of the international conference on computer communications (INFOCOM) (pp. 1–9). doi:10.1109/INFCOM.2010.5461979.

  13. Cheolkon, J., & Jiao, L. (2011). Disparity-map-based rendering for mobile 3d tvs. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 57(3), 1171–1175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Chikkerur, S., Sundaram, V., Reisslein, M., & Karam, L. (2011). Objective video quality assessment methods: A classification, review, and performance comparison. IEEE Transactins on Broadcasting, 57(2), 165–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Cisco: Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2012–2017.

  16. Dahlman, E., Parkvall, S., Skold, J., & Beming, P. (2008). 3G evolution HSPA and LTE for mobile broadband. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Dahlman, E., Parkvall, S., & Skold, S. (2011). 4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for mobile broadband. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Damnjanovic, A., Montojo, J., Wei, Y., Ji, T., Luo, T., Vajapeyam, M., et al. (2011). A survey on 3GPP heterogeneous networks. IEEE Wireless Commmunications, 18(3), 10–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Gotchev, A., Strohmeier, D., Mueller, K., Akar, G., & Petrov, V. (2011). Source and channel coding recipes for mobile 3D television. In Proceedings of the international conference digital signal processing (DSP) (pp. 1–8). doi: 10.1109/ICDSP.2011.6005023.

  20. Gurler, C. G., Gorkemli, B., Saygili, G., & Tekalp, A. M. (2011). Flexible transport of 3-D video over networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE (pp. 694–707).

  21. Harris, M. (2010). 3-D without four eyes. IEEE Spectrum, 47(12), 50–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Hewage, C. T. E. R., Worrall, S., Dogan, S., Kodikaraarachchi, H., & Kondoz, A. (2007). Stereoscopic TV over IP. In 4th European conference on visual media production (IETCVMP) (pp. 1–7).

  23. Huynh-Thu, Q., Barkowsky, M., & Le Callet, P. (2011). The importance of visual attention in improving the 3D-TV viewing experience: Overview and new perspectives. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 57(2), 421–431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Huynh-Thu, Q., & Ghanbari, M. (2008). Temporal aspect of perceived quality in mobile video broadcast. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 54(3), 641–651. doi:10.1109/TBC.2008.2001246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Irmer, R., Droste, H., Marsch, P., Grieger, M., Fettweis, G., Brueck, S., et al. (2011). Coordinated multipoint: Concepts, performance, and field trial results. IEEE Communications Magazine, 49(2), 102–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Luo, H., Ci, S., Wu, D., Wu, J., & Tang, H. (2010). Quality-driven cross-layer optimized video delivery over LTE. IEEE Communications Magazine, 48(2), 102–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Madan, R., Borran, J., Sampath, A., Bhushan, N., Khandekar, A., & Ji, T. (2010). Cell association and interference coordination in heterogeneous LTE-A cellular networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 28(9), 1479–1489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Matsuyama, T., Nobuhara, S., & Takai, T. (2012). 3D video and its applications. London: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  29. Merkle, P., Singla, J., Muller, K., & Wiegand, T. (2011). Stereo video encoder optimization for mobile applications. In 3DTV conference: The true vision—capture, transmission and display of 3D video (pp. 1–4). doi: 10.1109/3DTV.2011.5877217.

  30. Nasralla, M., Ognenoski, O., & Martini, M. (2013). Bandwidth scalability and efficient 2D and 3D video transmission over LTE networks. In Proceedings of IEEE interantional conference on communications workshops (ICC) (pp. 617–621).

  31. Olsson, M., Sultana, S., Rommer, S., Frid, L., & Mulligan, C. (2009). SAE and the evolved packet core—Driving the mobile broadband revolution. New York: Academic Press.

  32. Oh, J., & Han, Y. (2012). Cell selection for range expansion with almost blank subframe in heterogeneous networks. In 2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on personal indoor and mobile radio communications (PIMRC) (pp. 653–657).

  33. Oksanen, M., Tikanmaki, A., Gotchev, A., & Defee, I. (2008) Delivery of 3D video over DVB-H: Building the channel. In Proceedings of the NEM-summit.

  34. Parkvall, S., Furuskar, A., & Dahlman, E. (2011). Evolution of LTE toward IMT-advanced. IEEE Communications Magazine, 49(2), 84–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Pedersen, K. I., Frederiksen, F., Rosa, C., Nguyen, H., Garcia, L., & Wang, Y. (2011). Carrier aggregation for LTE-Advanced: Functionality and performance aspects. IEEE Communications Magazine, 49(6), 89–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Pellegrini, A., & Piro, G. (2013). Multi-threaded simulation of 4G cellular systems within the LTE-Sim framework. In Proceedings of the workshop on performance analysis and enhancement of wireless networks (PAEWN), Barcelona, Spain.

  37. Piro, G., Alfredo Grieco, L., Boggia, G., & Camarda, P. (2012) QoS provisioning in LTE-A networks with relay nodes. In Proceedings of the IFIP wireless days conference (WD), Dublin, Ireland.

  38. Piro, G., Ceglie, C., & Striccoli, D. (2013) 3D video transmissions over LTE: A performance evaluation. In Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer as a tool EUROCON 2013.

  39. Piro, G., Grieco, L., Boggia, G., Capozzi, F., & Camarda, P. (2011). Simulating LTE cellular systems: An open-source framework. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 60(2), 498–513.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Piro, G., Grieco, L., Boggia, G., Fortuna, R., & Camarda, P. (2011). Two-level downlink scheduling for real-time multimedia services in LTE networks. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 13(5), 1052–1065.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Piro, G., Grieco, L.A., Boggia, G., & Camarda, P. (2010) A two-level scheduling algorithm for qos support in the downlink of lte cellular networks. In Proceedings of the European wireless (EW2010), Lucca, Italy.

  42. Salem, M., Adinoyi, A., Rahman, M., Yanikomeroglu, H., Falconer, D., Kim, Y. D., et al. (2010). An overview of radio resource management in relay-enhanced OFDMA-based networks. IEEE Communication Surveys & Tutorials, 12(3), 422–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Seshadrinathan, K., Soundararajan, R., Bovik, A., & Cormack, L. (2010). Study of subjective rand objective quality assessment of video. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 19(6), 1427–1441.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  44. Shin, S., Lee, J., & Kim, T. (2011). Enhanced h.264/avc deblocking filter for stereoscopic video coding in mobile broadcast. In IEEE international conference on consumer electronics (ICCE) (pp. 133–134). doi:10.1109/ICCE.2011.5722501.

  45. Silva, D.D., Ekmekcioglu, E., Abdul-Hameed, O., Fernando, W., Worrall, S., & Kondoz A. (2010). Performance evaluation of 3D-TV transmission over WiMAX broadband access networks. In Proceedings of the information and automation for sustainability conference (ICIAFs) (pp. 298–303).

  46. Stelmach, L., Tam, W. J., Meegan, D., Vincent, A.: Stereo image quality: Effects of mixed spatio-temporal resolution. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 10 (2), 188–193 (2000).

  47. Vetro, A. (2010). Frame compatible formats for 3d video distribution. In IEEE international conference on image processing (ICIP) (pp. 2405–2408). doi:10.1109/ICIP.2010.5651071.

  48. Vetro, A., Wiegand, T., & Sullivan, G. (2011). Overview of the stereo and multiview video coding extensions of the h.264/mpeg-4 avc standard. Proceedings of the IEEE, 99(4), 626–642.

  49. Wolfe, J. (2008). Sensation and perception. Sinauer Associates Inc.

  50. Yamanoue, H. (2006). The differences between toed-in camera configurations and parallel camera configurations in shooting stereoscopic images. In IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo (pp. 1701–1704). doi:10.1109/ICME.2006.262877.

  51. Yasakethu, S., Hewage, C., Fernando, W., & Kondoz, A. (2008). Quality analysis for 3D video using 2D video quality models. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 54(4), 1969–1976. doi:10.1109/TCE.2008.4711260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Yasakethu, S., Hewage, C., Fernando, W., & Kondoz, A. (2008). Quality analysis for 3D video using 2D video quality models. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 54(4), 1969–1976. doi:10.1109/TCE.2008.4711260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Zhang, L., & Tam, W. J. (2005). Stereoscopic image generation based on depth images for 3d tv. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 51(2), 191–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the PON projects (RES NOVAE, DSS-01-02499 and EURO6-01-02238) funded by the Italian MIUR and by the European Union (European Social Fund).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Politecnico di Bari - DEI, Via Orabona 4, Bari, Italy

    Cristiano Ceglie, Giuseppe Piro, Domenico Striccoli & Pietro Camarda

Authors
  1. Cristiano Ceglie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Giuseppe Piro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. Domenico Striccoli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  4. Pietro Camarda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cristiano Ceglie.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ceglie, C., Piro, G., Striccoli, D. et al. Performance evaluation of 3D video streaming services in LTE-Advanced networks. Wireless Netw 20, 2255–2273 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-014-0738-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-014-0738-6

Keywords