Abstract
TCP has always been the most prominent protocol used in internet. More than 90 % of the HTTP session in Internet has less than 20 KB data to send (Comput Commun Rev 40(3):26–33, 2010) and finish the whole transaction in the slow start phase of TCP. These Short TCP transactions face high latency and network underutilization problem in bottleneck last mile wireless broadband connections due to higher Bit Error Rate in wireless when compared with wired connection . In this paper, we evaluate Short TCP by simulating it over wireless broadband networks to bring out the open challenges in optimizing Short TCP’s completion time. We also derive mathematical model for estimating and optimizing the completion time of Short TCP connections over broadband wireless networks. We extensively examine our model for Short TCP and propose a generic link level scheduler mechanism with O(1) complexity that uses cross layer information to optimize the completion time of connection. Our result shows that the mathematical model matches the simulation results and we also show that the proposed novel scheduler speeds up Short TCP connection up to 13 % which in turn increases the Quality of Service of the end user without affecting other connections.











Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dukkipati, N., Refice, T., Cheng, Y., Chu, J., Herbert, T., Agarwal, A., et al. (2010). An argument for increasing TCP’s initial congestion window ACM SIGCOMM. Computer Communication Review, 40(3), 26–33.
Mellia, M., & Zhang, H. (2002). TCP model for short lived flows. IEEE Communications Letters, 6(2), 85–87.
John, W., & Tafvelin, S. (2007). Analysis of internet backbone traffic and header anomalies observed. In 7th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, pp. 111–116.
Allman, M., Paxson, V., & Blanton, E. (2009). TCP congestion control, RFC 5681.
Balakrishnan, H., Padmanabhan, V. N., Seshan, S., & Katz, R. H. (1997). A comparison of mechanisms for improving TCP performance over wireless links. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 5(6), 756–769.
Clark, D. (1988). The design philosophy of the DARPA Internet protocols. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 18(4), 106–114.
Chiu, D. M., & Jain, R. (1989). Analysis of the increase and decrease algorithms for congestion avoidance in computer networks. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 17(1), 1–14.
Padhye, J., Firoiu, V., Towsley, D., & Kurose, J. (1998). Modeling TCP throughput: A simple model and its empirical validation. In ACM SIGCOMM, pp. 303–314.
Ha, S., Rhee, I., & Xu, L. (2008). CUBIC: A new TCP-friendly high-speed TCP variant. ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, 42(5), 64–74.
Floyd, S., & Jacobson, V. (1993). Random Early Detection (RED) gateways for congestion avoidance. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1(4), 397–413.
Feng, W. C., Shin, K., Kandlur, D., & Saha, D. (2002). The BLUE active queue management algorithms. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 10(4), 513–528.
Feng, W. C., Kapadia, A., & Thulasidasan, S. (2002). GREEN: Proactive queue management over a best-effort network. In IEEE GLOBECOM, Vol. 2, pp. 1774–1778.
Nichols, K., & Jacobson, V. (2012). Controlling queue delay. ACM Queue - Networks, 10(5), 1–15.
Balakrishnan, H., Dukkipati, N., McKeown, N., & Tomlin, C. J. (2007). Stability analysis of explicit congestion control protocols. IEEE Communications Letters, 11(10), 823–825.
Dukkipati, N., McKeown, N., & Fraser, A. G. (2006). RCP-AC: Congestion control to make flows complete quickly in any environment. In High-Speed Networking Workshop, IEEE INFOCOM.
Todorovic, M., & López-Benitez, N. (2006). Efficiency study of TCP protocols in infrastructured wireless networks. In International Conference on Networking and Services.
Yilmaz, S., & Matta, I. (2001). On class-based isolation of UDP, short-lived and long-lived TCP flows. In 9th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems, pp. 415–422.
Andrews, M., et al. (2001). Providing quality of service over a shared wireless link. IEEE Communications Magazine, 39(2), 150–154.
Sang, A., Wang, X., & Madihian, M. (2007). Differentiated TCP user perception over downlink packet data cellular systems. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 6(3), 252–263.
Klein, T. E., Leung, K. K., & Zheng, H. (2004). Improved TCP performance in wireless IP networks through enhanced opportunistic scheduling algorithms. In IEEE GLOBECOM, Vol. 5, pp. 2744–2748.
Yang, X., et al.. (2007). Exploiting the MAC layer flexibility of WiMAX to systematically enhance TCP performance. In IEEE Mobile WiMAX Symposium, pp. 60–65.
Rath, H. K., & Karandikar, A. (2008). On TCP-aware uplink scheduling in IEEE 802.16 networks. In 3rd International Conference on Communication Systems Software and Middleware and Workshops, pp. 349–355.
Xylomenos, G., & Polyzos, G. C. (2008). Wireless link layer enhancements for TCP and UDP applications. In International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium.
Cardwell, N., Savage, S., & Anderson, T. (2000). Modelling TCP latency. In IEEE INFOCOM, Vol. 3, pp. 1742–1751.
Prabhakar, T. V., Kuri, J., Kartik, M., & Kiran, K. N. (2004). An adaptive timeout scheme for short TCP flows over 3G wireless networks. In National Conference on Communication.
Fracchia, R., Garetto, M., & Cigno, R. L. (2003). A Queueing network model of short-lived TCP flows with mixed wired and wireless access links. In Quality of Service in Multiservice IP Networks (Vol. 2601, pp. 392–404). Berlin: Springer.
Király, C., Garetto, M., Meo, M., Ajmone Marsan, M., & Lo Cigno, R. (2005). Analytical computation of completion time, distributions of short-lived TCP connections. Performance Evaluation, 59(2), 179–197.
Mahmoodi, T., Friderikos, V., & Aghvami, H. (2009). Allowing short-lived TCP sessions to ramp-up in broadband wireless networks. In IEEE GLOBECOM.
Cardwell, N., et al. (1998). Modeling the performance of Short TCP connections. Computer Networks, 44(2), 153–176.
Zheng, D., Lazarou, G. Y., & Hu, R. (2003). A stochastic model for short-lived TCP flows. In International Conference on Communications, Vol. 1, pp. 76–81.
Pack, S., & Choi, Y. (2005). Modelling of wireless TCP for short-lived flows. International Journal of Communication Systems, 18, 961–973.
Vishwanath, A., Sivaraman, V., & Ostry, D. (2009). How poisson is TCP traffic at short time-scales in a small buffer core network? In IEEE ANTS, pp. 64–66.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, B., Das, D. Evaluation and optimization of Short TCP completion time over wireless broadband access networks. Wireless Netw 21, 1549–1562 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-014-0851-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-014-0851-6