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Identifying and coordinating joint impact of spatial reuse and multi-rate capability on wireless ad-hoc networks

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Abstract

In this paper, we derive an analytical model to evaluate the effect of jointly tuning the carrier sense threshold and employing multiple data rates on the network capacity in wireless ad-hoc networks. In order to capture the effect of the carrier sense threshold, the proposed model characterizes the channel states within the carrier sense range of an individual transmitter. Multi-rate capability for transmission is incorporated in identifying the channel states observed by a node. Towards maximizing the per-node throughput derived from the analytical model, a control reference and its optimal operating range is then identified. Based on the findings we propose a reference based channel access scheme, working in run-time and distributed fashion. Under the proposed scheme, each node measures the number of idle slots between two consecutive busy slots on-line and tunes the contention window size so as to ensure the measured control reference located within its optimal operation range. At the same time each node performs the selection of the data rate and the corresponding carrier sense threshold dealing with the current channel and network dynamics. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves a performance improvement of up to 81 % in terms of per-node throughput over conventional 802.11 DCF algorithm.

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Notes

  1. Examples of major chipset makers are Atheros and Broadcom, and their solutions are referred to [8] and [9], respectively.

  2. Simultaneous transmission of the hidden node with a transmitter leads to collision at the associated receiver, and IEEE 802.11 mainly addresses this problem with RTS/CTS and carrier sense range tuning.

  3. We assume that \(\theta > 2\). In addition, for the simplicity of analysis, node mobility and effect of fading are not considered in this paper.

  4. R is the set of possible rates and \(\vert R\vert \) is 8 for IEEE 802.11a.

  5. We follow Bianchi’s model and define a virtual slot as the interval between the occurrences of two specific channel activities. It may be much longer than the physical slot size \(\sigma \). For example, the transmission slot is composed of multiple consecutive physical slots.

  6. It is assumed that transmissions in the intersection area and the hidden area are independent to each other.

  7. \(\bar{r}\) is the rate averaged over all neighbor nodes, which use one of eight data rates of IEEE 802.11a from 6 to 54 Mbps, within the interference range of rx, and therefore \(6\le \bar{r} \le 54\).

  8. With this reason, the carrier sense ranges of each node are the same as \(D^{cs}_i\) as shown in Fig. 3(a).

  9. \(tx\) can estimate \(d\) by plugging the received signal strength of packets from \(rx\) into the propagation model of Eq. (1) (assuming that transmit power level is known to \(tx\)). From Eq. (5 with given \((S^{sir}_i)^{\frac{1}{\theta }}\) and \(d\) found above, \(D^{int}_i\) can be calculated, and \(S^{cs}_i\) is then derived by plugging obtained \(D^{int}_i+d\) into Eq. (3).

  10. This means that packets arrive at queue of each node as many as packet drop is not occurred and queue is not empty at any moment (therefore, a node always has a packet to send), leading to saturated throughput.

  11. Memory footprint for the proposed control requires the total 4 bytes (2 bytes for each bound) \(\times \) number of data rate + 2 bytes (idle slot counter).

  12. We assume that a data rate is given by underlying rate adaptation mechanism and the resulting rate is varying based on the network condition.

  13. How to determine \(S^{cs}_i\) with given SIR threshold is introduced in Sect. 4.1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt. 14-1, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, 446-712, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea

    Tae-Suk Kim & Wonjong Noh

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  1. Tae-Suk Kim
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  2. Wonjong Noh
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Correspondence to Wonjong Noh.

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Kim, TS., Noh, W. Identifying and coordinating joint impact of spatial reuse and multi-rate capability on wireless ad-hoc networks. Wireless Netw 21, 2181–2194 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-015-0902-7

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