Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Community-aware single-copy content forwarding in Mobile Social Network

  • Published:
Wireless Networks Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One of the most challenging issues in Mobile Social Networks (MSNs) is to design a messages forwarding method that achieves high delivery and low communication overhead. Single-copy forwarding methods boasting minimum communication overhead are well-known in MSNs. However, attaining a reasonable delivery ratio by using a single-copy method is an open problem. A common way to resolve the problem is social-aware forwarding, but this faces two main weaknesses: one is that they either are unaware of community detection, or use supervised learning strategies, other is that they generally use the relay-destination contact probability for predicting future contacts without considering the contact time. In this paper, we propose community-aware forwarding (CAF) as a new single-copy forwarding method using Hidden Semi-Markov Model (HSMM) to find communities by utilizing the similarity of node contact patterns in different sojourn cycles. In this study, we train HSMM as an unsupervised algorithm to compute the node community transition and then propose a novel forwarding method that utilizes message expiration in order to make relay selection. Evaluation results confirm our superior CAF performance over the popular solutions investigated in terms of message delivery and latency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Xiao, M., Wu, J., & Huang, L. (2014). Community-aware opportunistic routing in mobile social networks. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 63(7), 1682–1695.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Fan, J., Chen, J., Du, Y., Gao, W., Wu, J., & Sun, Y. (2013). Geocommunity-based broadcasting for data dissemination in mobile social networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 24(4), 734–743.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Liu, Y., Han, Y., Yang, Z., & Wu, H. (2015). Efficient data query in intermittently-connected mobile ad hoc social networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 26(5), 1301–1312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Xiao, M., Wu, J., & Huang, L. (2015). Home-based zero-knowledge multi-copy routing in mobile social networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 26(5), 1238–1250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Spyropoulos, T., Psounis, K., & Raghavendra, C. S. (2008). Efficient routing in intermittently connected mobile networks: The single-copy case. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), 16(1), 63–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Gao, W., Cao, G., La Porta, T., & Han, J. (2013). On exploiting transient social contact patterns for data forwarding in delay-tolerant networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 12(1), 151–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Burgess, J., Gallagher, B., Jensen, D., & Levine, B. N. (2006). MaxProp: Routing for vehicle-based disruption-tolerant networks. In INFOCOM (Vol. 6, pp. 1–11).

  8. Lindgren, A., Doria, A., & Schelén, O. (2003). Probabilistic routing in intermittently connected networks. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 7(3), 19–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Medjiah, S., Taleb, T., & Ahmed, T. (2014). Sailing over data mules in delay-tolerant networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 13(1), 5–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Talipov, E., Chon, Y., & Cha, H. (2013). Content sharing over smartphone-based delay-tolerant networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 12(3), 581–595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Chen, K., & Shen, H. (2015). DTN-FLOW: Inter-landmark data flow for high-throughput routing in DTNs. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), 23(1), 212–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yuan, Q., Cardei, I., & Wu, J. (2012). An efficient prediction-based routing in disruption-tolerant networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 23(1), 19–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Yuan, Q., Cardei, I., & Wu, J. (2009). Predict and relay: An efficient routing in disruption-tolerant networks. In Proceedings of the tenth ACM international symposium on mobile ad hoc networking and computing, New Orleans, LA, USA (pp. 95–104). ACM.

  14. Moreira, W., & Mendes, P. (2014). Social-aware forwarding in opportunistic wireless networks: Content awareness or obliviousness? In 2014 IEEE 15th international symposium on a world of wireless, mobile and multimedia networks (WoWMoM) (pp. 1–6). IEEE.

  15. Mei, A., Morabito, G., Santi, P., & Stefa, J. (2011). Social-aware stateless forwarding in pocket switched networks. In Infocom, 2011 proceedings IEEE (pp. 251–255). IEEE.

  16. Zhu, Y., Xu, B., Shi, X., & Wang, Y. (2013). A survey of social-based routing in delay tolerant networks: Positive and negative social effects. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 15(1), 387–401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Yu, S.-Z. (2010). Hidden semi-Markov models. Artificial Intelligence, 174(2), 215–243.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Musolesi, M., & Mascolo, C. (2007). Designing mobility models based on social network theory. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 11(3), 59–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Boldrini, C., & Passarella, A. (2010). HCMM: Modelling spatial and temporal properties of human mobility driven by users’ social relationships. Computer Communications, 33(9), 1056–1074.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kosta, S., Mei, A., & Stefa, J. (2014). Large-scale synthetic social mobile networks with SWIM. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 13(1), 116–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hsu, W.-J., Spyropoulos, T., Psounis, K., & Helmy, A. (2007). Modeling time-variant user mobility in wireless mobile networks. In INFOCOM 2007. 26th IEEE international conference on computer communications. IEEE (pp. 758–766). IEEE.

  22. Barabasi, A.-L. (2005). The origin of bursts and heavy tails in human dynamics. Nature, 435(7039), 207–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Kosta, S., Mei, A., & Stefa, J. (2010). Small world in motion (SWIM): Modeling communities in ad-hoc mobile networking. In 2010 7th annual IEEE communications society conference on sensor mesh and ad hoc communications and networks (SECON) (pp. 1–9). IEEE.

  24. Gonzalez, M. C., Hidalgo, C. A., & Barabasi, A.-L. (2008). Understanding individual human mobility patterns. Nature, 453(7196), 779–782.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Chen, C., & Chen, Z. (2009). Exploiting contact spatial dependency for opportunistic message forwarding. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 8(10), 1397–1411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Li, Z., & Shen, H. (2013). SEDUM: Exploiting social networks in utility-based distributed routing for DTNs. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 62(1), 83–97.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Daly, E. M., & Haahr, M. (2009). Social network analysis for information flow in disconnected delay-tolerant MANETs. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 8(5), 606–621.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hui, P., Crowcroft, J., & Yoneki, E. (2011). Bubble rap: Social-based forwarding in delay-tolerant networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 10(11), 1576–1589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. De Rango, F., Socievole, A., & Marano, S. (2015). Exploiting online and offline activity-based metrics for opportunistic forwarding. Wireless Networks, 21(4), 1163–1179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Mei, A., Morabito, G., Santi, P., & Stefa, J. (2015). Social-aware stateless routing in pocket switched networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 26(1), 252–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Wang, Y., Yang, W.-S., & Wu, J. (2013). Analysis of a hypercube-based social feature multipath routing in delay tolerant networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 24(9), 1706–1716.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Zhang, Y., Gao, W., Cao, G., La Porta, T., Krishnamachari, B., & Iyengar, A. (2012). Social-aware data diffusion in delay tolerant manets. In M. T. Thai & P. M. Pardalos (Eds.), Handbook of optimization in complex networks (pp. 457–481). Berlin: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  33. Kim, S.-K., Yoon, J.-H., Lee, J., & Yang, S.-B. (2015). HCS: Hierarchical cluster-based forwarding scheme for mobile social networks. Wireless Networks, 21(5), 1699–1711.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Lakkakorpi, J., Pitkänen, M., & Ott, J. (2010). Adaptive routing in mobile opportunistic networks. In Proceedings of the 13th ACM international conference on modeling, analysis, and simulation of wireless and mobile systems (pp. 101–109). ACM.

  35. Costa, P., Mascolo, C., Musolesi, M., & Picco, G. P. (2008). Socially-aware routing for publish-subscribe in delay-tolerant mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 26(5), 748–760.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Gao, W., Li, Q., Zhao, B., & Cao, G. (2012). Social-aware multicast in disruption-tolerant networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), 20(5), 1553–1566.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Boldrini, C., Conti, M., & Passarella, A. (2010). Design and performance evaluation of ContentPlace, a social-aware data dissemination system for opportunistic networks. Computer Networks, 54(4), 589–604.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  38. Abdelkader, T., Naik, K., Nayak, A., Goel, N., & Srivastava, V. (2013). SGBR: A routing protocol for delay tolerant networks using social grouping. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 24(12), 2472–2481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Batabyal, S., & Bhaumik, P. (2015). Analysing social behaviour and message dissemination in human based delay tolerant network. Wireless Networks, 21(2), 513–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Cabaniss, R., Vulli, S. S., & Madria, S. (2013). Social group detection based routing in delay tolerant networks. Wireless Networks, 19(8), 1979–1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Fan, J., Chen, J., Du, Y., Wang, P., & Sun, Y. (2011). Delque: A socially aware delegation query scheme in delay-tolerant networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 60(5), 2181–2193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Chen, K., & Shen, H. (2014). SMART: Utilizing distributed social map for lightweight routing in delay-tolerant networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), 22(5), 1545–1558.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  43. Proakis, J. G., Salehi, M., & Bauch, G. (2012). Contemporary communication systems using MATLAB. Boston: Cengage Learning.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Abu-Ghazaleh, H., & Alfa, A. S. (2010). Application of mobility prediction in wireless networks using markov renewal theory. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 59(2), 788–802.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Zhu, K., Li, W., Fu, X., & Zhang, L. (2015). Data routing strategies in opportunistic mobile social networks: Taxonomy and open challenges. Computer Networks, 93(1), 183–198. doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2015.10.018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Eagle, N., & Pentland, A. (2006). Reality mining: Sensing complex social systems. Personal Ubiquitous Comput., 10(4), 255–268. doi:10.1007/s00779-005-0046-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Hossmann, T., Spyropoulos, T., & Legendre, F. (2011). Putting contacts into context: Mobility modeling beyond inter-contact times. Paper presented at the proceedings of the Twelfth ACM international symposium on mobile ad hoc networking and computing, Paris, France.

  48. Palla, G., Derényi, I., Farkas, I., & Vicsek, T. (2005). Uncovering the overlapping community structure of complex networks in nature and society. Nature, 435(7043), 814–818.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Bahman Ravaei, Masoud Sabaei & Hossein Pedram

  2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Shahrokh Valaee

Authors
  1. Bahman Ravaei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Masoud Sabaei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hossein Pedram
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shahrokh Valaee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Masoud Sabaei.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ravaei, B., Sabaei, M., Pedram, H. et al. Community-aware single-copy content forwarding in Mobile Social Network. Wireless Netw 24, 2705–2721 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1494-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1494-1

Keywords