Abstract
In order to tackle the problem of reducing the transmission delay of multi-data acquisition source nodes in wireless sensor networks, we propose a cooperative method based on decode-and-forward (DF) and physical-layer network coding. In this proposed method, the two source nodes simultaneously transmit the respective information to the relay node and the data sink node using the orthogonal carriers. The relay node demodulates the received information separately from two source nodes and employs quadrature phase shift keying to modulate these information before forwarding them. The data sink node decodes the information of two source nodes using log likelihood ratio based on the signals received from the direct link and the relay link. Simulation results of bit error rate and system throughput show that the cooperative method can effectively improve the performance of the cooperative system compared with the traditional DF.



References
Ikki, S. S., & Ahmed, M. H. (2010). Performance analysis of adaptive decode-and-forward cooperative diversity networks with best-relay selection. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 58(1), 68–72.
Lateef, H. Y., Mclernon, D., & Ghogho, M. (2011). Performance analysis of multi-user multi-hop cooperative relay networks over nakagami-m fading channels. IEEE Communications Letters, 15(7), 776–778.
Clarke, P., & De Lamare, R. C. (2012). Transmit diversity and relay selection algorithms for multirelay cooperative MIMO systems. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 61(3), 1084–1098.
Sendonaris, A., Erkip, E., & Aazhang, B. (2003). User cooperation diversity-Part I: System description. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 51(11), 1927–1938.
Sendonaris, A., Erkip, E., & Aazhang, B. (2003). User cooperation diversity-Part II: Implementation aspects and performance analysis. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 51(11), 1939–1948.
Laneman, J. N., Tse, D. N. C., & Wornell, G. W. (2004). Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: Efficient protocols and outage behavior. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 50(12), 3062–3080.
Ahlswede, R., Cai, N., Li, S.-Y. R., et al. (2000). Network information flow. IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, 46(4), 1204–1216.
Li, S.-Y. R., Yeung, R. W., & Ning, Cai. (2003). Linear network coding. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 49(2), 371–381.
Sengupta, S., Rayanchu, S., & Banerjee, S. (2010). Network coding-aware routing in wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Networking, 18(4), 1158–1170.
Lin, H., Lin, Y., & Kang, H.-J. (2013). Adaptive network coding for broadband wireless access networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 24(1), 4–18.
Lhieochan, S., & Hossain, E. (2013). Channel assignment for throughput optimization in multichannel multiradio wireless mesh networks using network coding. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 12(1), 118–135.
Jia, M., Gu, X., Guo, Q., Xiang, W., & Zhang, N. (2016). Broadband hybrid satellite-terrestrial communication systems based on cognitive radio toward 5G. IEEE Wireless Communications, 23(6), 96–106.
Jia, M., Liu, X., Gu, X., & Guo, Q. (2017). Joint cooperative spectrum sensing and channel selection optimization for satellite communication systems based on cognitive radio. International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking, 35(2), 139–150.
Jia, M., Liu, X., Yin, Z., Guo, Q., & Gu, X. (2016). Joint cooperative spectrum sensing and spectrum opportunity for satellite cluster communication networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 58(C), 231–238.
Zhang, S., Liew, S. C., Lam, P. P. (2006). Hot topic: Physical layer network coding. In The 12th annual international conference on mobile computing and networking (pp. 358–365). ACM SIGMOBILE, Los Angeles.
Wang, T., & Giannakis, G. B. (2008). Complex field network coding for multiuser cooperative communications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 26(3), 561–571.
Islam, T., Nasri, A., & Schober, R. (2012). Network coded multi-source cooperative communication in BICM-OFDM networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 11(9), 3180–3193.
Peng, M., Liu, H., Wang, W., et al. (2010). Cooperative network coding with MIMO transmission in wireless decode-and-forward relay networks. IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology, 59(7), 3577–3588.
Acknowledgements
This work is supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61671184, and 61801144), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Nos. ZR2018PF001 and ZR2014FP016), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. HIT. NSRIF. 201720 and 2016100).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, B., Yang, J., Yang, H. et al. Decode-and-forward cooperative transmission in wireless sensor networks based on physical-layer network coding. Wireless Netw 30, 3387–3393 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-019-02092-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-019-02092-6