Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mobility management for D2D communication combining radio frequency and visible light communications bands

  • Published:
Wireless Networks Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Combination of radio frequency (RF) and visible light communication (VLC) bands for device-to-device (D2D) communication is seen as a promising way to both increase the system capacity and cope with an overcrowded RF bands. The main concern, however, is a proper mobility management and selection of the band that is beneficial at the moment. While the VLC usually provides a much higher throughput than RF, it is also very sensitive to a signal blockage and shadowing. Therefore, throughput as well as potential sudden drops in VLC channel quality should be considered in a design of handover between VLC and RF to avoid redundant handovers. In this paper, we propose an algorithm, tailored for D2D communication, deciding whether or not it is beneficial for a user equipment to switch from VLC to RF or vice versa. If handover to RF is not beneficial at the moment despite a drop in VLC channel quality, a dwell timer waits for a specific time if VLC channel recovers. We propose an optimization of the dwell timer according to estimated throughput in RF and VLC and delay due to handover. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm increases an average throughput when compared to existing state-of-the-art algorithms while number of handovers and average interruption are still very low.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Cisco Visual Networking Index: GlobalMobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2016–2021. Tech. Rep, 2017.

  2. Cogalan, T., & Haas, H. (2017) . Why would 5G need optical wireless communications? In IEEE annual international symposium on personal, indoor, and mobile radio communications (PIMRC).

  3. Ayyash, M., Elgala, H., Khreishah, A., Jungnickel, V., Little, T., Shao, S., et al. (2016). Coexistence of WiFi and LiFi toward 5G: Concepts, opportunities, and challenges. IEEE Communications Magazine, 54(2), 64–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bao, X., Yu, G., Dai, J., & Zhu, X. (2015). Li-Fi: Light fidelity–A survey. Wireless Networks, 21(6), 1879–1889.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Cossu, G., Khalid, A., Choudhury, P., Corsini, R., & Ciaramella, E. (2012). 3.4 Gbit/s visible optical wireless transmission based on RGB LED. Optics Express, 20(26), B501–B506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Lin, S. H., Liu, C., Bao, X., & Wang, J. Y. (2018). Indoor visible light communications: Performance evaluation and optimization. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2018, 228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Rahaim, M., & Little, T. (2013) . SINR analysis and cell zooming with constant illumination for indoor VLC networks. In IEEE optical wireless communications (IWOW).

  8. Liang, S., Tian, H., Fan, B., & Bai, R. (2015) . A novel vertical handover algorithm in a hybrid visible light communication and LTE system. In IEEE vehicular technology conference (VTC Fall).

  9. Liang, S., Zhang, Y., Fan, B., & Tian, H. (2017). Multi-attribute vertical handover decision-making algorithm in a Hybrid VLC-Femto System. IEEE Communications Letters, 21, 1521–1524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hou, J., & O’Brien, D. C. (2006). Vertical handover-decision-making algorithm using fuzzy logic for the integrated Radio-and-OW system. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 5(1), 176–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bao, X., & et al. (2018). Vertical handover scheme for enhancing the QoE in VLC heterogeneous networks. In IEEE international conference on communications in China (ICCC 2018).

  12. Bao, X., & et al. (2018) . Channel adaptive dwell timer for vertical handoff in hybrid VLC and Wi-Fi networks. In IEEE international conference on communications in China (ICCC 2018).

  13. Bao, X., et al. (2018). Channel adaptive dwell timing for handover decision in VLC-WiFi heterogeneous networks. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2018, 244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bao, X., et al. (2018). A QoE-maximization-based vertical handover scheme for VLC heterogeneous networks. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2018, 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Bao, X., Dai, J., & Zhu, X. (2017). Visible light communications heterogeneous network (VLC-HetNet): New model and protocols for mobile scenario. Wireless Networks, 23(1), 299–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Mach, P., Becvar, Z., & Vanek, T. (2015). In-band device-to-device communication in OFDMA cellular networks: A survey and challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 17(4), 1885–1922.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hussein, H. H., Elsayed, H. A., & Abd El-kader, S. M. (2019) . Intensive benchmarking of D2D communication over 5G cellular networks: Prototype, integrated features, challenges, and main applications. Wireless Networks (in press).

  18. Asadi, A., Wang, Q., & Mancuso, V. (2014). A survey on device-to-device communication in cellular networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 14(4), 1801–1819.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Elsherief, M., Elwekeil, M., & Abd-Elnaby, M. (2019). Resource and power allocation for achieving rate fairness in D2D communications overlaying cellular networks. Wireless Networks, 25(7), 4049–4058.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu, Y., Huang, Z., Li, W., & Ji, Y. (2016). Game theory-based mode cooperative selection mechanism for device-to-device visible light communication. Optical Engineering, 55(3), 030501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Tiwari, S. V., Sewaiwar, A., & Chung, Y.-H. (2016). Optical repeater assisted visible light device-to-device communications. International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering, 10(2), 206–209.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Raveendrat, N., et al. (2019). VLC and D2D heterogeneous network optimization: A reinforcement learning approach based on equilibrium problems with equilibrium constraints. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 18, 1115–1127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhang, H., Ding, W., Yang, F., Song, J., & Han, Z. (2019). Resource allocation in heterogeneous network with visible light communication and D2D: A hierarchical game approach. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 67, 7616–7628.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Mach, P., Becvar, Z., Najla, M., & Zvanovec, S. (2017) . Combination of visible light and radio frequency bands for device-to-device communication. In IEEE international symposium on personal, indoor, and mobile radio communications (PIMRC).

  25. Becvar, Z., Najla, M., & Mach, P. (2018) . Selection between radio frequency and visible light communication bands for D2D. In IEEE vehicular technology conference (VTC-Spring 2018).

  26. Najla, M., Mach, P., Becvar, Z., Chvojka, P., & Zvanovec, S. (2019). Efficient exploitation of radio frequency and visible light communication bands for D2D in mobile networks. IEEE Access, 7, 168922–168933.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wang, Z., Wang, Q., Huang, W., & Xu, Z. (2017). Visible light communications: Modulation and signal processing. New York: Wiley.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  28. Majumdar, A. K. (2018). Optical wireless communications for broadband global internet connectivity. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Wu, L., Yue, P., & Cui, Z. (2017) . Integrating LTE-D2D and VLC techniques to support V2V communication. In IEEE ICCC.

  30. Yang, Y., Chen, M., Guo, C., Feng, C., & Saad, W. (2019). Power efficient visible light communication with unmanned aerial vehicles. IEEE Communications Letters, 23(7), 1272–1275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Ashok, A. (2017) . DroneVLC: Visible light communication for aerial vehicular networking. In Workshop on visible light communications systems @ ACM MobiCom (VLCS) 2017.

  32. Pathak, P. H., Feng, X., Hu, P., & Mohapatra, P. (2015). Visible light communication, networking, and sensing: A survey, potential and challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 17(4), 2047–2077.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Srinivasan, R., Zhuang, J., Jalloul, L., Novak, R., & Park, J. (2007) . Draft IEEE 802.16m evaluation methodology document. IEEE C802. 16m-07/080r2.

  34. Triantaphyllou, E., & Mann, S. H. (1995). Using the analytic hierarchy process for decision making in engineering applications: Some challenges. International Journal of Industrial Engineering: Applications and Practice, 2(1), 35–44.

    Google Scholar 

  35. 3GPP TR 36.843. (2014). Study on LTE Device to Device Proximity Services,” (Release 12), V12.0.1.

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the project no. P102/17/17538S funded by Czech Science Foundation, Czech Republic, by the project no. SGS17/184/OHK3/3T/13 funded by CTU in Prague, and, in part by by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of the Republic of China under Contract 105-2221-E-011-033-MY3 and Contract 106-2218-E-011-007-MY2.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

    Zdenek Becvar, Martin Charvat & Pavel Mach

  2. National Taiwan University of Science and Technologies, Taipei, Taiwan

    Ray-Guang Cheng

Authors
  1. Zdenek Becvar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ray-Guang Cheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Martin Charvat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Pavel Mach
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zdenek Becvar.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Becvar, Z., Cheng, RG., Charvat, M. et al. Mobility management for D2D communication combining radio frequency and visible light communications bands. Wireless Netw 26, 5473–5484 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-020-02408-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-020-02408-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation