Abstract
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network, which is distributed application architecture, distributes tasks and workloads among peers. One of most characteristics of P2P network is that peers play dual roles as servers and clients. To study the interaction process of nodes in P2P systems dynamically, the download delay of nodes, the energy consumption of the system and simulate the behavior of peers, analyze the performance of the P2P network, we develop an M/M/c queuing model with dynamic changes of servers, impatient customers and fault repairable. Using the quasi-birth-and-death process (QBD), the geometric solution of the matrix for the steady-state probability vector is derived. Since the matrix is quite complex, approximate solutions of the matrix equations are obtained using the Gauss–Seidel method, the performance indicators of the system are obtained. By employing Nash equilibrium and social optimal strategy, the optimal value of social benefits is obtained, which provides a theoretical basis and decision evaluation for scheduling of the nodes in the P2P system.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Pan, M., & Lin, Y. (2018). Efficient data dissemination for Wi-Fi peer-to-peer networks by unicasting among Wi-Fi P2P groups. Wireless Networks, 24(8), 3063–3081.
Wang, X. L., & Zhang, J. (2010). Summary of research on P2P key technology. Application Research of Computers, 27(3), 801–805 (in Chinese).
Liu, Y., Mao, J. P., Shen, C. X., & Cui, Y. L. (2008). Performance analysis of P2P network resource service. Computer Engineering and Applications, 44(36), 7–10 (in Chinese).
He, W. H., Liu, H., & He, J. S. (2019). Research on the status and development of P2P network. Software Engineering, 22(4), 1–5 (in Chinese).
Li, D., Chen, Z. G., Liu, H., Vasilakos, A. V., & Pen, Y. (2008). IPBGA: A hybrid P2P based grid architecture by using information pool protocol. The Journal of Supercomputing, 49(2), 159–189.
Li, Z.H., Zhang, T., Huang, Y., & Dai, Y. (2012). Maximizing the bandwidth multiplier effect for hybrid cloud P2P content distribution. In 2012 IEEE 20th International Workshop on Quality of Service, Coimbra, pp. 1–9.
Jinlong, E., Li, Z. H., Cui, Y., & Ruan, M. K. (2020). HyCloud: Tweaking hybrid cloud storage services for cost-efficient filesystem hosting. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 28(6), 2629–2642.
Yang, H., Liu, M. D., & Li, B. C. (2019). A P2P network framework for interactive streaming media. In2019 11th International Conference on Intelligent Human–Machine Systems and Cybernetics (IHMSC), Hangzhou, pp. 288–292.
Zhou, Y. P., Chiu, D. M., & John, C. S. (2016). A simple model for analyzing P2P streaming protocos. In IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, Beijing, pp. 226–235.
Liu, C., & Lai, C. (2018). A group-based data-driven approach for data synchronization in unstructured mobile P2P systems. Wireless Networks, 24(7), 2465–2482.
Ye, Q., & Zhang, W. H. (2017). Distributed and adaptive medium access control for internet-of-things-enabled mobile networks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 4(2), 446–460.
Edmundo, D. S. E. S., Leao, R. M. M., Menasche, D. S., & Towsley, D. (2019). On the scalability of P2P swarming systems. Computer Networks, 151, 93–113.
Zhou, S., & Meng, X. F. (2020). A location and time-aware resource searching scheme in mobile P2P ad hoc networks. The Journal of Supercomputing, 76(9), 6809–6833.
Yang, X. Y., & Veciana, G. (2016). Performance of peer-to-peer networks: Service capacity and role of resource sharing policies. Performance Evaluation, 63(3), 175–194.
Lim, J., Bok, K., & Yoo, J. (2017). An efficient continuous range query processing scheme in mobile P2P networks. The Journal of Supercomputing, 76(10), 7805–7819.
Li, J. L., Shi, W. S., Ye, Q., Zhang, N., Zhang, W. H., & Shen, X. M. (2021). Multi-service function chain embedding with delay-guarantee: A game-theoretical approach. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2021.3051905.
Ge, Z. H., Figueiredo, D., Jaiswal, S., & Towsley, D. (2003). Modeling peer-peer file sharing systems. In 22th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, San Francisco, pp. 2188–2198.
Li, M., & Tang, J. S. (2009). Performance analysis of Bit Torrent P2P system based on M/MMPP/1. Journal of Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, 13(3), 32–37 (in Chinese).
Yin, B. Q., Guo, D., Huang, J., & Wu, X. M. (2012). Modeling and analysis for the P2P-based media delivery network. Mathematical and Computer Modeling, 55(3–4), 1529–1539.
Haq, A., & Faheem, Y. (2020). A peer-to-peer communication based content distribution protocol for incentive-aware delay tolerant networks. Wireless Networks, 26(1), 583–601.
Ferragut, A., & Paganini, F. (2015). Queueing analysis of Peer-to-Peer swarms: Stationary distributions and their scaling limits. Performance Evaluation, 93, 47–62.
Hu, C. C., Lai, C. F., Hou, J. G., & Huang, Y. M. (2017). Timely scheduling algorithm for P2P streaming over MANETs. Computer Networks, 127, 56–67.
Zhao, G. X., Jin, S. F., Ma, C. B., Cao, J. Y., & Xu, L. J. (2019). Analysis of cloud service system with variable number of servers. Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 42(4), 114–120. (in Chinese).
Ma, Z. Y., Cao, J., Yu, X. R., & Guo, S. S. (2019). Multiple vacation queuing system with impatient customers and work failure. Journal of Chongqing Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 36(4), 7–13. (in Chinese).
Wu, D., Liu, Y., & Keith, W. (2010). Queuing network models for multi-channel P2P live streaming systems. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, pp. 1849–1859.
Tian, N. S., & Yue, D. Q. (2002). The quasi birth and death process and matrix-geometric solution. Beijing: Science Press (in Chinese).
Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 61973261, 61872311, Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province under Grant Nos. A2020203010, A2018203088.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Si, Q., Ma, Z., Liu, F. et al. Performance analysis of P2P network with dynamic changes of servers based on M/M/c queuing model. Wireless Netw 27, 3287–3297 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-021-02659-2
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-021-02659-2