Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A novel multi-band and multi-generation (2G, 3G,4G, and 5G) 9-elements MIMO antenna system for 5G smartphone applications

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Wireless Networks Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, a 9-elements hybrid MIMO (multiple input multiple output) antennas system is developed for 5G Smartphone communication.The designed MIMO system is composed of two different antenna parts i.e. the multi-band antenna element, and the eight-elements single-band antenna array. The multi-band antenna element encompasses the GSM 0.9/1.8/1.9 GHz (2G bands), UMTS 2.1 GHz (3G bands), LTE 2.3/2.5 GHz (4G bands), GPS, and WLAN 2.4/5 GHz, while the single-band antenna array covers the C-band (3400–3600 MHz) allocated for 5G cellular communcation. The model of the designed system has been manufactured and the simulation results are validated by conducting experiments with the fabricated prototype. High isolation levels have been observed between the elements. The designed antenna systems showed consistent radiation characteristics with a peak gain value of 5.5 dBi, and efficiency of as high as 90%. Furthermore, good MIMO performance parameters, such as the envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) less than 0.13, and 40 bps/Hz channel capacity have been observed over the desired bandwidth. Owing to the salient performance characteristics, the proposed antenna system could be used in modern mobile communications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ojaroudi, P. N., Jahanbakhsh, B. H., Alibakhshikenari, M., Ojaroudi, P. Y., Al-Yasir, Y. I. A., Abd-Alhameed, R. A., & Limiti, E. (2019). Mobile–Phone antenna array with diamond-ring slot elements for 5G massive MIMO systems. Electronics. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8050521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ojaroudi, P. N., Jahanbakhsh, B. H., Al-Yasir, Y. I. A., Ullah, A., Abd-Alhameed, R. A., & Noras, J. M. (2019). Multi-band MIMO antenna design with user-impact investigation for 4G and 5G mobile terminals. Sensors. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Yuan, X. T., He, W., Hong, K., Han, C., Chen, Z., & Yuan, T. (2020). Ultra-wideband MIMO antenna system with high element-isolation for 5G smartphone application. IEEE Access. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2982036.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Chang, L., Yu, Y., Wei, K., & Wang, H. (2020). Orthogonally-polarized dual antenna pair with high isolation and balanced high performance for 5G MIMO smartphone. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2020.2963918.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Biswas, A., & Gupta, V. R. (2020). Design and development of low profile MIMO antenna for 5G new radio smartphone applications. Wireless Personal Communications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06949-z.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhang, S., Chen, X., & Pedersen, G. F. (2019). Mutual coupling suppression with decoupling ground for massive MIMO antenna arrays. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2019.2923338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ullah, R., Ullah, S., Kamal, B., & Ullah, R. (2019). A four-port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna for future 5G smartphone applications. In Proceedings of the 1st international conference on electrical, communication, and computer engineering, Swat, Pakistan. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECCE47252.2019.8940779.

  8. Li, Y., Sim, C., Luo, Y., & Yang, G. (2019). High-isolation 3.5 GHz eight-antenna MIMO array using balanced open-slot antenna element for 5G smartphones. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2019.2902751.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ding, C. F., Zhang, X. Y., Xue, C. D., & Sim, C. Y. D. (2018). Novel pattern diversity-based decoupling method and its application to multielement MIMO antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2018.2851380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ojaroudi, P. N., Jahanbakhsh, B. H., Al-Yasir, Y. I. A., & Abdulkhaleq, M. (2020). New CPW-fed diversity antenna for MIMO 5G smartphones. Electronics. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Khan, M. S., Iftikhar, A., Shubair, R. M., Capobianco, A. D., Asif, S. M., Braaten, B. D., & Anagnostou, D. E. (2020). Ultra-compact reconfigurable band reject UWB MIMO antenna with four radiators. Electronics. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Khalid, M., Iffat, N. S., Hussain, N., Rahman, M., & Fawad, M. (2020). 4-Port MIMO antenna with defected ground structure for 5g millimeter wave applications. Electronics. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010071.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Guo, J., Cui, L., Li, C., & Sun, B. (2018). Side-edge frame printed eight-port dual-band antenna array for 5G smartphone applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2018.2872130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Jiang, W., Liu, B., Cui, Y., & Hu, W. (2019). High-isolation eight-element MIMO array for 5G smartphone applications. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ACES48530.2019.9060444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ren, Z., & Zhao, A. (2019). Dual-band MIMO antenna with compact self-decoupled antenna pairs for 5G mobile applications. IEEE Access. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2923666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Sun, L., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., & Feng, Z. (2020). Wideband 5G MIMO antenna with integrated orthogonal-mode dual-antenna pairs for metal-rimmed smartphones. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2019.2948707.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Khan, J., Sehrai, D. A., Khan, M. A., Khan, H. A., Ahmad, S., Ali, A., Arif, A., Memon, A. A., & Khan, S. (2019). Design and performance comparison of rotated Y-shaped antenna using different metamaterial surfaces for 5G mobile devices. Computer Materials and Continua. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2019.06883.

  18. Jiang, H., Si, L., Hu, W., & Lv, X. (2019). A symmetrical dual-beam bowtie antenna with gain enhancement using metamaterial for 5G MIMO applications. IEEE Photonics Journal. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2019.2891003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Hussain, N., Jeong, M., Park, J., & Kim, N. (2019). A broadband circularly polarized fabry-perot resonant antenna using a single-layered PRS for 5G MIMO applications. IEEE Access. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2908441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Chen, Q., Lin, H., Wang, J., Ge, L., Li, Y., & Pei, T. (2019). Single ring slot based antennas for metal-rimmed 4G/5G smartphones. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2018.2883686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Li, Y., Sim, C., Luo, Y., & Yang, G. (2018). High-isolation 3.5 GHz eight-antenna MIMO array using balanced open-slot antenna element for 5G smartphones. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2019.2902751.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Saxena, S., Kanauji, B. K., Dwari, S., Kumar, S., & Tiwari, R. (2018). MIMO antenna with built-in circular shaped isolator or sub-6 GHz 5G applications. Electronics Letters. https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2017.4514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Saad, A. A. R., & Mohamed, H. A. (2019). Printed millimeter-wave MIMO-based slot antenna arrays for 5G networks. AEU: International Journal of Electronics and Communications. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2018.11.029.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Chataut, R., & Akl, R. (2020). Massive MIMO system for 5G and beyond networks–overview, recent trends, challenges, and future research direction. Sensors. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102753.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Ojaroudi, O., Parchin, N., Jahanbakhsh, B. H., & Abd-Alhameed, R. A. (2020). Design of multi-mode antenna array for use in next-generation mobile handsets. Sensors. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20092447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Ojaroudi, P. N., Jahanbakhsh, B. H., Al-Yasir, Y., & Abdulkhaleq, M. (2020). Ultra-wideband diversity MIMO antenna system for future mobile handsets. Sensors. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Liu, Y., Ren, A., Liu, H., Wang, H., & Sim, C. (2019). Eight-port MIMO array using characteristic mode theory for 5G smartphone applications. IEEE Access. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2909070.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhang, X., Li, Y., Wang, W., & Shen, W. (2019). Ultra-wideband 8-Port MIMO antenna array for 5G metal-frame smartphones. IEEE Access. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2919622.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hongwei, W., & Guangli, Y. (2017). Compact and low-profile eight-element loop antenna array for the 3.6-ghz MIMO operation in the future smartphone applications. In Proceedings of the sixth Asia-Pacific conference on antennas and propagation. https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAP.2017.8420469.

  30. Li, Y., Sim, C., Luo, Y., & Yang, G. (2018). Multiband 10-antenna array for sub-6 GHz MIMO applications in 5-G smartphones. IEEE Access. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2838337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Khalilabadi, A. J., & Zadehgol, A. (2018). Multiband antenna for wireless applications including GSM/UMTS/LTE and 5G bands. In Proceedings of the international applied computational electromagnetics society Symposium (ACES), Denver, CO. https://doi.org/10.23919/ROPACES.2018.8364167.

  32. Hussain, R., Alreshaid, A. T., Podichakand, S. K., & Sharawi, M. S. (2017). Compact 4G MIMO antenna integrated with 5G array for current and future mobile handsets. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2016.0738.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Xu, Z., Zhou, Q., Ban, Y., & Ang, S. S. (2018). Hepta-band coupled-fed loop antenna for LTE/WWAN unbroken metal-rimmed smartphone applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2017.2787863.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Sharawi, M. S. (2013). Printed multi-band MIMO antenna systems and their performance metrics [wireless corner]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAP.2013.6735522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Li, Y., & Yang, G. (2019). Dual-mode and triple-band 10-antenna handset array and its multiple-input multiple-output performance evaluation in 5G. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmce.21538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Jraifi, A., & Saidi, E. H. (2008, February). A prediction of number of antennas in a MIMO correlated channel. In 2008 International conference on intelligent engineering systems, IEEE, pp. 181–184.

  37. Goldsmith, A., Jafar, S. A., Jindal, N., & Vishwanath, S. (2003). Capacity limits of MIMO channels. IEEE Journal on selected areas in Communications. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2003.810294.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  38. Abdullah, M., Kiani, S. H., Abdulrazak, L. F., Iqbal, A. B., Khan, M. A., & Kim, S. (2019). High-performance multiple-input multiple-output antenna system for 5g mobile terminals. MDPI Electronics. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8101090.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Telecommunication Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, KPK, 23200, Pakistan

    Rizwan Ullah, Sadiq Ullah & Raza Ullah

  2. Electrical Engineering Department, University of Quebec, Val d’Or, Canada

    Farooq Faisal

  3. Electrical Engineering Department, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 64141, UAE

    Ismail Ben Mabrouk & Muath Jodei Al Hasan

  4. Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China

    Babar Kamal

Authors
  1. Rizwan Ullah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sadiq Ullah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Farooq Faisal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Raza Ullah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ismail Ben Mabrouk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Muath Jodei Al Hasan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Babar Kamal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sadiq Ullah.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ullah, R., Ullah, S., Faisal, F. et al. A novel multi-band and multi-generation (2G, 3G,4G, and 5G) 9-elements MIMO antenna system for 5G smartphone applications. Wireless Netw 27, 4825–4837 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-021-02772-2

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-021-02772-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation